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History > Germany - Key Topic 3 > Flashcards

Germany - Key Topic 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did hitler become chancellor

A

Jan 1933

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2
Q

When was the reichstag fire

A

Feb 1933

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3
Q

Causes of the reichstag fire

A
  • started by Dutch communist?
  • theory: started by nazis so they could blame and use it against the communists
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4
Q

What were the consequences of the reichstag fire

A
  • 400 communists arrested
  • president Hindenburg passed emergency decree limiting liberties (speech, assembly, printing)
  • police detained and disrupted nazi opponents
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5
Q

When was the enabling act passed

A

March 1933

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6
Q

When did the nazi party become the only legal party in Germany

A

July 1933

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7
Q

What were the causes of the enabling act

A
  • nazis failed to win overall majority despite intimidation and disruption tactics
  • hitler wanted to rule without the reichstag
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8
Q

What happened regarding the enabling act

A
  • communists were banned
  • intimidation at Kroll opera house
  • it was passed by 300+ votes
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9
Q

Consequences of the enabling act

A
  • hitler could rule as sole dictator which means he had complete power
  • reichstag voted it’s own powers away which meant the end of the Weimar Republic democracy
  • rapid change occurred afterwards
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10
Q

Causes for elimination of political opponents

A
  • potential for nazis to be forced from power, especially by communists
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11
Q

how did hitler eliminate political opponents

A

25,000 communists and most influential opponents put into concentration camps

Social democrats and nationalists rounded up

Trade unions closed

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12
Q

Consequences of the elimination of political opponents

A
  • potential opponents fled, imprisoned or executed
  • prevented future political opposition
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13
Q

When was the night of the long knives

A

June 1934

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14
Q

Causes of the night of the long knives

A
  • hitler wanted to support the German army as they could give him funding and legitimacy
  • the SA had gotten to powerful and out of control
  • hitler deteriorating relationship with Ernst Röhm
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15
Q

Event of the night of the long knives
explain…

A

SS arrested and executed 200 SA leaders
Ernst Röhm was executed and other SA leaders eliminated also

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16
Q

Consequences of the night of the long knives

A
  • SA brought back under nazi control
  • SS grew in importance
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17
Q

When did Hindenburg die

A

1934 august

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18
Q

When did hitler combine the post of chancellor and president

A

1934 August

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19
Q

What role did hitler create

A

The fuhrer
Combined the president and chancellor into one to have elite power

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20
Q

What were the causes of hitler becoming president

A

President Hindenburg died

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21
Q

What consequences occurred due to hitler becoming president

A
  • hitler became head of state
  • hitler became commander of the army
  • every soldier had to swear an oath of obedience and loyalty
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22
Q

When did the german army swear oath to hitler

A

1934

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23
Q

In what year did hitler remove army generals from positions

A

1938

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24
Q

Who was the Marinus Van Der Lubbe

A

The communist the reichstag fire was blamed on

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25
Q

What did the enabling act do

A

Gave nazis complete power for the next 4 years

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26
Q

What happened in the march election

A

As a result of the reichstag fire and the emergency decree the nazis gained more seats but still not enough to form majority and could therefore not change the constitution

27
Q

What was the emergency decree

A

Hitler persuaded the president to pass laws which meant the government could now arrest and detain people wihtout trial, search and confiscated property propaganda, read post and listen into telephones, censor the press and stop other parties from organising meetings

28
Q

Describe the enabling pact

A

Hitler was still answerable to Hindenburg but overall it removed state parliaments, banned trade unions and all other political parties were disbanded and their funds were taken

29
Q

Who was the SS

A

Under control of Heinrich Himmler
Hitlers personal body guards
Fiercely loyal to hitler
Had power to arrest and search people without trail

30
Q

When was the concentration camps first used in Germany

A

1933

31
Q

What were concentration camps used for in 1933

A

Prison for enemies of the state (political opponents, Jews, gypses, and those who refuse to conform)
Led by SS

32
Q

Who were the informers

A

Block wardens: I’m charge of nazi loyalty
Collected donations and cues
Checked whether people saluted and hung nazi flags
Wrote reports on nazi members

33
Q

Who was the SD

A

intelligence body of the nazi party
Main job was to discover enemies and remove them
Was good for important and intelligent people

34
Q

When was the SD set up

A

1931

35
Q

Who was the gestapo

A

State secret police

36
Q

Job of the gestapo

A

Monitored telephone lines and intercepted mail
Recruited 160,000 informers to report anyone anti-nazi
Power to arrest without trail, torture and send people to concentration camps

37
Q

Why did hitler fear the Catholic Church

A
  • the catholics were loyal to the pope and not hitler
  • catholics schools and youth groups gave out anti-nazi messages and were a completion to the youth nazi groups
  • catholics had also previously supported the “centre party” and not the nazis
38
Q

How did hitler come around his troubles with the catholics

A

He signed a concordant with the pope
It stated that if the catholics stayed out of politics, hitler would not interfere with the catholic church

39
Q

What did hitler do to remove the threat of the catholic priests
(Removal)

A

Priests were arrested and harassed
Sent to concentration camps
Catholic schools and youth groups closed
Monasteries closed

40
Q

Consequences of Pope Pius XI statement

A

400 catholic priests were arrested and sent to concentration camps

41
Q

What statement did Pope Puis XI make

A

“With burning anxiety”
Critiqued nazis
1937

42
Q

What was the threat of the Protestants against hitler

A

Many Protestants were against nazi ideas

43
Q

Who was Martin Niemoller

A

A Protestant against nazis
1933: set up the pastor emergency league for pastors who objected nazis and opened their own church
1937: he was arrested and sent to a concentration camp and the churches were closed

44
Q

What was the ministry of churches

A

1935
Regulate religion in Germany led by Hans Kerrl

45
Q

What was the national reich church

A

Protestant churches agreed to unite and form together
1933
It was a nazi church led by Ludwig Muller
all religious stuff removed replaced with hitlers book, Mein kamp

46
Q

Who was the swing youth

A

14-18 year old boys and girls in high school,
Upper and middle class students

47
Q

Why did the swing young oppose the nazis

A

They admired the British and their way of life

48
Q

What did the swing youth do

A

Engaged in activity’s against nazis
Wore makeup, listened to banned music and going to dance bars

49
Q

What was the response of the nazis to the swing youth

A

Cut their hair
Sent them back to school under close monitoring
Deport leaders and sent to concentration camps

50
Q

Who were the edelweiss pirates

A

A working class youth group

51
Q

Why did the eldersweiss pirates oppose the nazis

A

They objected to strict rules of the nazi youth group

52
Q

What did the edelweiss youth group do

A

Made up rude anti-nazi songs
Drinking
Having sex
Going to dances
Beat up nazi youth members

53
Q

What was the nazi response to the elderweiss pirates

A

Gestapo investigated groups
Beaten up
After a hitler youth group members died some were hung in revenge

54
Q

How were the youth groups limited

A

Low numbers: 2000 elderweiss pirates compared to 8 million nazi youth groups
Their motives were limited: concerned with cultural unfairness (music rites) not political issues
Actions were limited: they didn’t do anything serious

55
Q

Opposition of the nazis

A

Swing youth
Elderweiss pirates
Catholic Church
Protestant church

56
Q

What was propaganda and censorship

A

Only nazi ideas were shown to people
Used propaganda to spread ideas and censorship to silence opposition

57
Q

Who was Josef Goebells

A

Minister of enlightenment and propaganda
He veted what people saw, heard, and read

58
Q

How was the cinema used in propaganda and censorship

A

Filmed showed benefits of nazi life
American films banned
Helped to spread anti-semantic language
Forced to watch nazis short films before the films they wanted to see, promoted nazi achievements

59
Q

How was posters used for propaganda

A

Showed nazi beliefs
Hitler was shown as a strong leader
Nazi message targeted youth
Message was simple and direct

60
Q

How was radios used in propaganda and censorship

A

Played nazi ideals in factories and town squares
Made cheap radios, which only had short frequency’s which only showed nazi messages

61
Q

How were newspapers used to show propaganda and censorship

A

Journalists were told what to write and were shut down
Nazis took control of what was published and write about their ideas

62
Q

How was literature used with propaganda and censorship

A

Books written by Jewish authors and people who disagreed with nazi ideas books were burned
And no books could be published wihtout goebells checking it

63
Q

How did hitler use rallies as propaganda

A

They showed his strength
Hitler would do speeches to gain support
Many Germans became proud of their country

64
Q

How was art censorship used

A

Art that was not appropriate and approved was locked away

History (9 decks)

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