Elizabeth Topic 1 Flashcards
what was the hierarchy in the countryside
- nobility
- gentry
- yeomen
- Tennant farmers
- landless and working poor
- homeless and beggars
what was the hierarchy in towns
- merchants
- professionals
- business owners
- skilled craftsmen
- unskilled workers
- unemployed
what was the “court”
noblemen who advised the queen
what was the “parliament”
House of Lords and commons
advised Elizabeths government
what was the “privy council”
Nobels who helped govern the country
what was the 5 issues Elizabeth faced when she became queen
- young and unexperienced
- financial weakness
- challenges from abroad
- her character
- religious divide
what were the challenges from abroad Elizabeth faced
france, spain, and scotland were all catholic countries and the people leading them (MQOS) had ties to the thrown so presented a threat
what were the financial issues Elizabeth faced
the crown was £300,000 in dept
Mary 1 had sold off the crown lands, so it was harder for Elizabeth to make money and she also borrowed money from foreign countries who wanted their money back
why did people believe Elizabeth was illegitimate
Her father, King Henry VIII, had Parliament annul his marriage to Elizabeth’s mother—his second wife, Anne Boleyn—thus making Elizabeth an illegitimate child and removing her from the line of succession
why did her character help her at the start of her reign
she was well educated, she was confident and charismatic. she believed it was a divine right to rule and had an excellent understanding of politics, however she was very stubborn and sometimes clashed with her advisors
what was the catholic ideas
- pope was head of the church
- priests can forgive us
- bread and wine become the body and blood of christ
- services in latin
- churches were highly decorated
- catholics were the majority in the north and west of England
what was the protestant ideas
- no pope
- only god can forgive sins
- bread and wine represent the body and blood of christ
- services in English
- churches should be plain and simple
- protestants were the majority int he south-east, east anglia, and London
what was the puritan ideas
very strict protestants
no decoration in churchs
shared many of the same beliefs as protestant ideas but more extreme
no bishops
puritans found in London and east anglia
when was the religious settlement
1559
what was the aim of the religious settlement
establish a religious form that would be acceptable to catholics and protestants
what was the act of uniformity
- enforced the use of a book of common prayer
- established the appearance of churches
- how services should be conducted
what was the act of supremacy
made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church of England. All clergy had to
swear an oath of allegiance to her.
what was the book of common prayer
introduced a set of new church services to be used in all churches.
what was the royal injunctions
forced all clergy to teach Royal Supremacy, keep an English Bible, report people who
refused to attend church.
what were the challenges to the religious settlement
puritan challenge
catholic challenge from abroad
catholic challenge from home
vestment controversy
crucifix controversy
explain the puritan challenge to the religious settlement
Disobeyed parts of the Religious Settlement.
explain the crucifix controversy challenge to the religious settlement
refused to display crucifixes in churches, which had been ordered by Elizabeth to please the Catholics. Elizabeth backed down.
explain the vestment controversy challenge to the religious settlement
refused to wear the vestments (special clothing worn by clergy). In 1566, 37 Puritan priests resigned after refusing to wear new vestments when ordered.
what was the catholic challenge abroad to the religious settlement
The Catholic Church in Europe began a ‘Counter Reformation’ to undo the Protestant changes.
The pope excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570, which could encourage attacks on England from Catholic countries.
Elizabeth backed the Protestants in a religious war in France in 1562.
what was the catholic challenge at home to the religious settlement
One third of the English nobility and gentry, particularly in the north and west of England, were recusants (refused to attend church) because they did not agree with the Settlement.
This was encouraged by the pope.
This was a major cause of the Revolt of the Northern Earls (1569-70).
why was Mary queen of Scots a problem to Elizabeth
- she was elizabeths 2nd cousin so had a good claim to the thrown
- she was catholic so her claim to the thrown was supported by many English catholics
- she was believed to have been involved in her husbands murder which led to a rebellion in scotland. so Mary fled to England in 1568 and then that made a bigger threat to Elizabeth so she was imprisoned.