Germany - Hitlers rise to power Flashcards

1
Q

describe the process of the great depression

A

US calls in loans
german industry loses finance, lowers production, fires workers
people spend less, prices drop, demand falls
industry loses more money, lowers production, fires workers
people spend less, prices drop
depression

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2
Q

how high was unemployment in germany by 1933

A

6 million unemployed

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3
Q

how did bruning attempt to solve the great depression

A

raised taxes
reduced unemployment pay
had to use article 48 to pass laws

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4
Q

what was article 48

A

the allowance to pass laws in emergency without parliament agreeing upon them

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5
Q

which two parties grew most in popularity from 1928 - nov 1932

A

nazis
KPD

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6
Q

how did the depression make people vote nazi

A

nazis were saying ToV was a crime to germany, jews are to be blamed, germany needs to be reborn
desperate germans want to believe them

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7
Q

how did hitlers appeal get people to vote nazi

A

could speak passionately and convincingly for hours
could fill concert halls with interested voters
spoke in nazi uniform to emphasize military order - convinced many hitler knew how to solve the problems

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8
Q

how did weimars failure get people to vote nazi

A

democratic weimar was not working and kept disagreeing with eachother
wasnt solving the issue
became drawn towards extremist political parties with clear extreme views of how to solve things

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9
Q

how did the fear of communism make people vote nazi

A

russian communist revolution scared middle-upper class germans and religious people
hitler promised to deal with communist threat (sent SA to fight communist gangs)

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10
Q

how did the nazi parties structure make people vote nazi

A

nazi offices set up over germany to recruit
use of propoganda to persuade people
hitler took part in fabulous parades
hitler youth organisation recruited young people

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11
Q

by 1932 how many men were in the SA

A

400,000

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12
Q

when did joseph goebbels become chief propagandist

A

1928

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13
Q

how did the nazis utilise new technology

A

1932 - hitler used aeroplane to take himself to 20 cities in a week to make election speeches
constant use of radio showed how in touch and modern nazis were

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14
Q

what propaganda methods did the nazis use

A

leaflets
posters
newspapers (owned munich observer)
radio

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15
Q

why did farmers vote nazi

A

nazis saw farmers as pure - ‘blood and soil’ emphasised these things made germany
nazis hated communist who would take over farmers land if they had control

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16
Q

why did middle class people vote nazi

A

feared law and order may breakdown or communist takeover could destroy their way of life
nazis promised to deal with problems decisively

17
Q

why did some women vote nazi

A

nazis said family, life, good morals, and self discipline were important
mothers feared youth were being exposed to muck and filth (cabaret and gay clubs)

18
Q

why did young people vote nazi

A

hitler promised to tear up ToV and make germany strong
youth wanted jobs in army or building new homes, motorways and hospitals

19
Q

why did upper class and factory owners vote nazi

A

hiitler promised them to run factories how thhey want
plans to use factories to build weapons, battleships and fighter planes meant more money for them

20
Q

how many seats in the reichstag did nazi hold by 1932

A

230 seats
largest party

21
Q

what were the three main themes of goebbels propaganda

A

fuhrer cult
volksgemeinschaft (peoples community)
scapegoating the jews

22
Q

how did the SA increase nazi popularity

A

intimidated political opponents by attacking them at their meetings
provided jobs for young unemployed men
protected hitler

23
Q

why was hitler given chancellor

A

hindenburg thought they could limit hitlers influence and resist extremist demands

24
Q

when was hitler given chancellor

A

30th jan 1933

25
Q

when was the reichstag fire

A

27th february 1933

26
Q

who was caught in the act of the reichstag fire

A

a communist marinus van der lubbe

27
Q

how would blaming the reichstag fire on a communist help nazis in upcoming election

A

less people would vote KPD
KPD lose seats in reichstag
more people vote nazi

28
Q

why is it believed the nazis were behind the reichstag fire

A

would help them win the election
there was underground passages from goerings palace to the reichstag building

29
Q

what was the enabling act 1933

A

gave hitler the right to make laws without reichstags approval for next 4 years
removed reichstag as opponents

30
Q

when were political parties (barr nazis) banned

A

14th july 1933
removed parties as opposition

31
Q

when was the night of the long knives

A

30th june 1934

32
Q

what was the night of the long knives

A

many SA members (including ernst rohm) were demanding nazis carry out socialist agenda
SS murder around 400 SA members
removed internal nazi party opposition

33
Q

when did hitler become fuhrer

A

19th august 1934 - on the death of hindenburh

34
Q

how did hitler extend his power to the local government

A

local gov reorganised - nazi party officials put in charge of each area of germany

35
Q

how did hitler extend his power to the trade unions

A

trade unions abolished (2nd may 1933)
leaders arrested

36
Q

how did hitler extend his power through the church

A

concordat signed with pope allowing hitler to increase power without opposition from catholic church (as long as he left the church alone)

37
Q

how did hitler extend his power through the people courts

A

set up nazi people coarts where judges had to swear oath of loyalty to nazis

38
Q

when and why was the first concentration camp set up

A

7th april 1933
prisons being filled up too quickly
allowed him to arrest more potential communists and threatening groups

39
Q

why was hitler under pressure to deal with rohm

A

rohm wanted socialist ideas, but hitler needed to please big businesses
army didnt want to be run by rohm
to keep their support he had to get rid of him