Germany - Hitlers rise to power Flashcards
describe the process of the great depression
US calls in loans
german industry loses finance, lowers production, fires workers
people spend less, prices drop, demand falls
industry loses more money, lowers production, fires workers
people spend less, prices drop
depression
how high was unemployment in germany by 1933
6 million unemployed
how did bruning attempt to solve the great depression
raised taxes
reduced unemployment pay
had to use article 48 to pass laws
what was article 48
the allowance to pass laws in emergency without parliament agreeing upon them
which two parties grew most in popularity from 1928 - nov 1932
nazis
KPD
how did the depression make people vote nazi
nazis were saying ToV was a crime to germany, jews are to be blamed, germany needs to be reborn
desperate germans want to believe them
how did hitlers appeal get people to vote nazi
could speak passionately and convincingly for hours
could fill concert halls with interested voters
spoke in nazi uniform to emphasize military order - convinced many hitler knew how to solve the problems
how did weimars failure get people to vote nazi
democratic weimar was not working and kept disagreeing with eachother
wasnt solving the issue
became drawn towards extremist political parties with clear extreme views of how to solve things
how did the fear of communism make people vote nazi
russian communist revolution scared middle-upper class germans and religious people
hitler promised to deal with communist threat (sent SA to fight communist gangs)
how did the nazi parties structure make people vote nazi
nazi offices set up over germany to recruit
use of propoganda to persuade people
hitler took part in fabulous parades
hitler youth organisation recruited young people
by 1932 how many men were in the SA
400,000
when did joseph goebbels become chief propagandist
1928
how did the nazis utilise new technology
1932 - hitler used aeroplane to take himself to 20 cities in a week to make election speeches
constant use of radio showed how in touch and modern nazis were
what propaganda methods did the nazis use
leaflets
posters
newspapers (owned munich observer)
radio
why did farmers vote nazi
nazis saw farmers as pure - ‘blood and soil’ emphasised these things made germany
nazis hated communist who would take over farmers land if they had control
why did middle class people vote nazi
feared law and order may breakdown or communist takeover could destroy their way of life
nazis promised to deal with problems decisively
why did some women vote nazi
nazis said family, life, good morals, and self discipline were important
mothers feared youth were being exposed to muck and filth (cabaret and gay clubs)
why did young people vote nazi
hitler promised to tear up ToV and make germany strong
youth wanted jobs in army or building new homes, motorways and hospitals
why did upper class and factory owners vote nazi
hiitler promised them to run factories how thhey want
plans to use factories to build weapons, battleships and fighter planes meant more money for them
how many seats in the reichstag did nazi hold by 1932
230 seats
largest party
what were the three main themes of goebbels propaganda
fuhrer cult
volksgemeinschaft (peoples community)
scapegoating the jews
how did the SA increase nazi popularity
intimidated political opponents by attacking them at their meetings
provided jobs for young unemployed men
protected hitler
why was hitler given chancellor
hindenburg thought they could limit hitlers influence and resist extremist demands
when was hitler given chancellor
30th jan 1933
when was the reichstag fire
27th february 1933
who was caught in the act of the reichstag fire
a communist marinus van der lubbe
how would blaming the reichstag fire on a communist help nazis in upcoming election
less people would vote KPD
KPD lose seats in reichstag
more people vote nazi
why is it believed the nazis were behind the reichstag fire
would help them win the election
there was underground passages from goerings palace to the reichstag building
what was the enabling act 1933
gave hitler the right to make laws without reichstags approval for next 4 years
removed reichstag as opponents
when were political parties (barr nazis) banned
14th july 1933
removed parties as opposition
when was the night of the long knives
30th june 1934
what was the night of the long knives
many SA members (including ernst rohm) were demanding nazis carry out socialist agenda
SS murder around 400 SA members
removed internal nazi party opposition
when did hitler become fuhrer
19th august 1934 - on the death of hindenburh
how did hitler extend his power to the local government
local gov reorganised - nazi party officials put in charge of each area of germany
how did hitler extend his power to the trade unions
trade unions abolished (2nd may 1933)
leaders arrested
how did hitler extend his power through the church
concordat signed with pope allowing hitler to increase power without opposition from catholic church (as long as he left the church alone)
how did hitler extend his power through the people courts
set up nazi people coarts where judges had to swear oath of loyalty to nazis
when and why was the first concentration camp set up
7th april 1933
prisons being filled up too quickly
allowed him to arrest more potential communists and threatening groups
why was hitler under pressure to deal with rohm
rohm wanted socialist ideas, but hitler needed to please big businesses
army didnt want to be run by rohm
to keep their support he had to get rid of him
