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GCSE History > Germany - 1918-1924 > Flashcards

Germany - 1918-1924 Flashcards

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1
Q

what were the four main terms of the treaty of versailles

A

Blame - article 231, germany took all the blame for the war
Reparations - article 233, germany must pay £6.6bn to france and britain
Army - article 159, germanys armed forces are secretly reduced
Territory - germany loses much of its territory like eupen malmedy, alsace lorraine, and overseas territory

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2
Q

how much was the army reduced by

A

100,000 troops
no conscription
no tanks
15,00 in the navy
6 battleships
no submarines

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3
Q

what happened in november 1922

A

germany fails to pay reparations
french invade the ruhr

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4
Q

what did the german government tell workers to do in response to the occupation of the ruhr

A

passive resistance
refuse to work or cooperate with foreign troops, government continued to pay wages

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5
Q

why was the occupation of the ruhr so bad for germany economy

A

ruhr was most productive industrial centre
production fell drastically after occupation
fewer goods were produced = less money = damaged economy

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6
Q

how did hyperinflation begin in germany

A

german government had promised to pay ruhr workers even when on strike
they had no money
printed out paper currency
there was no matching productive economic activity
value if deutsche mark fell

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7
Q

how much did a loaf of bread cost in january 1923 compared to november 1923

A

jan - 250 marks
nov - 200,000 million marks

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8
Q

how much did it cost to print a note in august 1923

A

more than the note was even worth

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9
Q

how many times did workers get paid in the height of hyperinflation

A

twice because prices rose so fast wages would be worthless by lunch

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10
Q

who benefitted from hyperinflation

A

borrowers (businessmen, landowners, mortgage havers) - able to pay back loans with worthless money
people on wages - renegotiated wages every day
farmers - products remained in demand, received more money for them as prices spiralled

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11
Q

who did not benefit from hyperinflation

A

people with fixed incomes (students, pensioners, the sick) - incomes didn’t keep up with prices
people with savings - money became worthless

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12
Q

what was the name of the german communist party

A

the KPD

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13
Q

how many members did the KPD have

A

400,000

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14
Q

who were the leaders of the KPD

A

rosa luxemburg
karl liebknecht

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15
Q

what was organised when the Berlin Police Chief was sacked in

A

jan 1919 - an uprising and general strike in berlin
this turned into protests

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16
Q

how many workers were involved in the berlin uprising

A

100,000

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17
Q

what did the spartacists take control of in berlin

A

governments newspapers
telegraph headquarters

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18
Q

how was the KPD uprising resolved

A

the army was helped by units of the friekorps

19
Q

how many people died

A

100 workers
rosa luxemburg - shot, body dumped in a berlin river
karl liebknecht - murdered

20
Q

how was the weimar constitution structured

A

president
chancellor
reichstag
voters

21
Q

what was the role of the president

A

head of armed forces
elected every 7 years
appoints/dismisses chancellor
can call for new elections

22
Q

what was the role of the chancellor

A

leader of party with most seats in reichstag

23
Q

what was the role of the reichstag

A

MPs voted in by voters
uses proportional representation (22% of votes meant 22% of MPs in reichstag)

24
Q

who were the voters

A

ALL adults over the age of 20

25
Q

what were the strengths of the weimar constitution

A

genuine democracy
power of reichstag (made all the laws)
bill of rights - guaranteed every german freedom of speech and religion

26
Q

what were the weakness of the weimar constitution

A

proportional representation - lots of small parties in governments, difficult to pass laws, led to weak and short lived governments
article 48 - president could pass laws wherever, power was overused, weakened germans confidence in democracy

27
Q

why did the freikorps launch an uprising

A

they were going to be unemployed due to the treaty of versailles army clause

28
Q

why did the military refuse to crush the uprising?

A

the freikorps were ex soldiers and they didn’t want to shoot them

29
Q

when was the mall putsch

A

13-17 march 1920

30
Q

who led the kapp putsch

A

dr wolfgang kapp, a right wing nationalist

31
Q

how was the kapp putsch defeated

A

the government encouraged the workers to go on general strike and not cooperate

32
Q

how many people were assassinated between 1919 and 1922

A

376 political nurses (mainly left wing killed)

33
Q

how did the politcal parties make sure they were protected

A

creating their own armies and hiring armed guard to protect leaders

34
Q

what date was the invasion of the ruhr

A

11th january 1923

35
Q

why were the politcal assassins let free?

A

the judges in their trials preferred the kaisers government

36
Q

who were two influential people who were killed during the political assassinations

A

walter rathenau - foreign minister
matthias erzberger - finance minister

37
Q

what other rebellions were there during hyperinflation

A

september - black reichswehr rebelled
october - communists took over governments of saxons and thuringia
october - communists took over
november - munich putsch

38
Q

what were the aims of the nazi party (x9)

A

increase old age pensions
conquer extra living space
strip all rights from jews
nationalise important industries
abolish treaty of versailles
build up army
have a strong leader in charge
destroy weimar republic
destroy communism

39
Q

why did hitler lead a putsch in munich

A

to overthrow the national government in berlin

40
Q

what had happened to food supplies in munich

A

no potatoes had been available for days

41
Q

how many stormtroopers marched through munich

A

2000

42
Q

when was the march

A

9th november

43
Q

how was the munich putsch a failure (x6)

A

failed to take over government
16 nazis died
nazi party is banned
hitler is banned from public speaking until 1927
hitler is sentenced to 5 years

44
Q

how was the munich putsch a success

A

hitler used trial as political rally, he became famous
hitler reorganised the party
hitler wrote mein kampf which became wildly popular
hitler changed tactic - he needed to win power legally

GCSE History (29 decks)

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