Gerd

Question 1

C/p of GERD

Answer 1

. A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn), usually after eating, which might be worse at night or while lying down
•Backwash (regurgitation) of food or sour liquid
•Upper abdominal or chest pain
•Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
•Sensation of a lump in your throat

Question 2

Medications and dietary supplements that can irritate your esophagus and cause heartburn pain include:

Answer 2

Antibiotics, such as tetracycline and clindamycin
•Bisphosphonates taken orally, such as alendronate (Fosamax), ibandronate and risedronate
•Iron supplements
•Quinidine
•Pain relievers, such as ibuprofen and aspirin
•Potassium supplements

Question 3

Medications and dietary supplements that can increase acid reflux and worsen GERD include:

Answer 3

Anticholinergics, such as oxybutynin
•Tricyclic antidepressants
•Calcium channel blockers, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and nitrates used for high blood pressure and heart disease
•Narcotics (opioids), such as codeine, and those containing hydrocodone and acetaminophen
•Progesterone
•Sedatives or tranquilizers, including benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium) and temazepam
•Theophylline

Question 4

is a condition in which the flat pink lining of the swallowing tube that connects the mouth to the stomach (esophagus) becomes damaged by acid reflux, which causes the lining to thicken and become red.

It is a columnar metaplasia of intestinal type with goblet cells

Answer 4

Barrett’s esophagus

Question 5

Side effects of PPI

Answer 5

headache, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Reports of more serious side effects include kidney disease, fractures, infections and vitamin B12 deficiencies, but these are very rare and are generally associated with long-term use (using these products for more than a year).