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Correl > Geomorphology > Flashcards

Geomorphology Flashcards

1
Q

A wind-eroded depression in the side of a cliff of a homogenous rock type

A

Alcoves and yardang windows

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2
Q

A low, triangular-shaped deposits built from the accumulation of sediments at thr mouth of a valley

A

Alluvial fan

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3
Q

The size of an alluvial fan depends on which of the ff: (Area of Drainage Basin, Climate, Lithologies in the Source Area, Tectonic Activity, Space for Fan Growth)

A

All of the above

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4
Q

Roughly circular or oval in plan an have a surface exposure of over 100 km2; deep-seated and are usually composed of coarse-grained plutonic rocks

A

Batholiths, lopoliths, and stocks

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5
Q

Submarine, circular, steep-sided holes which occur in coral reefs

A

Blue hole

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6
Q

Shake hole, swallow hole, swallet, doline, or cenote

A

Sinkhole

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7
Q

A compound alluvial fan where neighboring alluvial fans converge into a single apron of deposits against a slope; may hole very shallow lakes called playa

A

Bajada

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8
Q

A small, steep-sided and flat-topped hill, built of flat lying soft rocks capped by a more resistant layer of sedimentary rock, lava flow, or duricrust, surrounded by a plain

A

Butte

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9
Q

A deeply-incised, steep-sided river valley

A

Canyon

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10
Q

An assymetrical upland feature usually associated with gently dipping rocks and comprisig a steep scarp slope (or escarpment) and a longer, gentler dip slope

A

Cuesta

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11
Q

Which of the following landforms are not associated with dipping and horizontal strata? (Cuesta, Homoclinal/Strike Ridge, Hogback, Butte, Mesa, Plateau, Canyon)

A

Canyon

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12
Q

Also pericline; formed by tectonic warping, igneous intrusion, or diapir

A

Dome

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13
Q

A depositional landform produced by sedimentation at and around the mouth of a river; river-, tide-, wave-dominated

A

Delta

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14
Q

A large area of sand dunes

A

Erg

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15
Q

A long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel that are frequently several km long and are somewhat like railroad embankments; probably former sites of sub-glacial streams and rivers

A

Esker

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16
Q

A steep slope coinciding with the line of a fault

A

Fault scarp

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17
Q

Associated with hogback ridges; triangular-shaped remnants of the bed between v-shaped notches; steeply stoping wedge-shaped landscape features created by differential erosion

A

Flatirons

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18
Q

German “sea of rock”; areas covered by large angular blocks (formed in situ), traditionally believed to have been created by freeze-thaw action

A

Felsenmeer or blockfield

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19
Q

Major splits into limestone pavement, formed by widening, deepening, and eventual merging of solution features that develop along linear weakness in the rock

A

Grike (Bogaz)

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20
Q

Small closed depressions on horizontal and gently inclined rock surfaces; similar to solution pits in carbonate rocks;

A

Gnamma (weathering pit or panhole)

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21
Q

A mountaintop that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation and frost weathering; also pyramidal peak

A

Glacial horn

22
Q

A tall, thin, spire of soft (sedimentary) rock topped by harder, more resistant stone that protects each column from erosion

A

Hoodoo (demoiselle/earth pyramid/fairy chimney/tent rock)

23
Q

Large, perennial, conical, ice-cored mountains that are common in some low-lying permafrost areas dominated by fine-grained sediments, with the ice forming form injected water

A

Hydrolaccoliths (pingo)

24
Q

Large, freestanding, residual masses of rock; most common and most well known in granitic rocks

A

Inselberg (tor/monadnock)

25
Q

A narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water that otherwise separates them

A

Isthmus

26
Q

Groups of residual, steep-sided conical-shaped hills produced by limestone solution

A

Kegelkarst (cone karst/cockpit karst)

27
Q

An umbrella term which covers an elaborately diverse group of small-scale solutional features and sculpturing found on limestone and dolomite surfaces exposed at the ground surface or in caves

A

Karren

28
Q

Lithalsas (stone rings)

A

Permafrost mounds formed by ice segregation within mineral soils that occur within the zone of discontinuous permafrost

29
Q

An embankment, natural or man-made that confines flow during high-water periods

A

Levée

30
Q

Occurs when a meandering river on alluvium eats down into the underlying bedrock

A

Incised meander

31
Q

A prominent limestone hill in an are of tower karst

A

Mogote

32
Q

An elongated cliff-base hollow cut out by abrasion, usually where breaking waves are armed with rock fragments

A

Abrasion notch

33
Q

A point of land, usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends out into a body of water

A

Ness (headland/promontory/cape)

34
Q

A horseshoe shaped length of stream channel which is an almost closed meander loop

A

Oxbow

35
Q

Forms just under a boulder, form which the rate of surface lowering may be evaluated

A

Pedestal

36
Q

A large karst depression that may sometimes be flooded with water, and which has been formed either by solution, or cavern collapse or for strutural reasons

A

Polje

37
Q

A sheet-like surface of rock fragments that remains after wind and water have removed the fine particles; covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble

A

Reg (desert pavement/glober/hamada)

38
Q

A long, narrow, often branching inlet formed by marine submergence of parts of a river valley that had previously been incised to a lower sea level

A

Ria

39
Q

Accumulation of broken rock fragments that typically have a concave upwards form; maximum inclination corresponds to the angle of repose of mean debris size

A

Scree or talus

40
Q

An isolated upstanding steep-sided rock pillar, column or pinnacle rising from the shore, a shore platform, or the sea floor close to a cliffed coast

A

Stack or stump

41
Q

Cavernous weathering hollows produced in vertical or near-vertical rock faces; singular tafone

A

Tafoni in calcareous sandstone

42
Q

A variety of limestone formed when carbonate minerals preicpitate out of ambient temperature water

A

Travertine or tufa

43
Q

A depression or large hollow in limestone areas produced when several sinkholes or doline coalesce

A

Uvala

44
Q

Created when magma hardens within vent on an active volcano; a distinctive upstanding landform produced when erosion removes the surrounding rock while the erosion-resistant plug remains

A

Volcanic neck/pipe

45
Q

Corrosional notches at the cliff foot sometimes have protruding visors above them and plinths below them

A

Visor

46
Q

Notch or abandoned former channel in resistant bedrock ridges that was formerly a water gap when there was insufficient stream power to complete the down cutting process

A

Wind gap

47
Q

Also known as abandoned drainages, stream capture, or stream piracy

A

Wind gap

48
Q

A tributary stream that is prevented form joining the main river because of the levees which flank the latter

A

Yazoo

49
Q

A streamlined hill carved from bedrock or any consolidated or semi-consolidated material that resembles the hull of a boat

A

Yardang/zeugen

50
Q

Isolated rocks between joints that result from downward erosion of less resistant layers

A

Rock fins

Correl (18 decks)

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