geology lecture 1

Question 1

chemical properties and processes that

shape the Earth

Answer 1

Geochemistry

Question 2

Composition and properties of minerals

Answer 2

Mineralogy

Question 3

Study of ancient life

Answer 3

Paleontology

Question 4

Application to Engineering of

Geology

Answer 4

Engineering Geology

Question 5

physical properties and processes of the

earth

Answer 5

Geophysics

Question 6

Origin, composition, and structure of rocks

Answer 6

Petrology

Question 7

It covers different materials we use in CE, from the typical aggregates (gravel and sand) and cement, to the more specialized additives like lime and others that serve to improve certain aspects of soils or structures.

Answer 7

Construction Material Source

Question 8

This covers the understanding of the underlying soils and rocks that will support our structure as well as understanding the behavior of various sites for excavation and slope improvement, among others

Answer 8

Soil/Rock Sampling and Testing

Question 9

From understanding the supporting material, we can determine the kind and dimensions of foundations to use to safely support our structure.

Answer 9

Foundation Design

Question 10

This determines whether excavation can be done with or without support. And if it needs support system, what system can be utilized based on the needs of the project

Answer 10

Excavation Works

Question 11

Helps us understand how seismic waves travel through the Earth and how it is affected by the earth as it passes through. Also to understand the effects of earthquakes on geologic structures like slopes.

Answer 11

Earthquake Studies

Question 12

This covers understanding whether a certain site can be tunneled through safely and what systems need to be installed before, during, and after tunneling to maintain safety.

Answer 12

Tunnel Design

Question 13

This includes understanding of what geologic material

(soil/rock) can be used in certain parts of a road/tracks to maintain its stability and durability.

Answer 13

Road Design

Question 14

This includes utilizing the proper materials in constructing the dam (concrete, earth, etc.) and the support that will help the dam stop the water (bottom of dam and/or at the sides).

Answer 14

Dam design and Construction

Question 15

This includes the study of how to detect and monitor
underground water supplies, as well as possible contamination monitoring from the soils surrounding the aquifer (water source underground)

Answer 15

Groundwater Analysis

Question 16

Water source underground

Answer 16

Aquifer

Question 17

The present reflects what happened in the past.

Answer 17

Uniformitarianism

Question 18

The Earth was shaped by short-lived, forceful events

catastrophes

Answer 18

Catastrophism

Question 19

Developed by Georges Cuvier

Answer 19

Catastrophism

Question 20

Proposes that the Earth has been shaped by catastrophes (short, powerful events).

Answer 20

Catastrophism

Question 21

This was due to Cuvier’s observation of gaps in fossil record which he believed to be the mass extinction events.

Answer 21

Catastrophism

Question 22

Based on James Hutton’s work; Supported and spread by Charles Lyell.

Answer 22

Uniformitarianism

Question 23

Proposes that uniform slow processes shaped the Earth over a very long period of time (soil transfer like erosion and deposition, wave impacts, etc.)

Answer 23

Uniformitarianism

Question 24

The actions that shaped the Earth in the past are the same ones that can be observed in the present day.

Answer 24

Uniformitarianism