Geology

Question 1

What is a sedimentary rock?

Answer 1

Rocks that have been produced from layers of sediment, usually at the bottom of the sea through compaction and cementation.

Question 2

What is a metamorphic rock?

Answer 2

Rocks that have changed as a result of heat and pressure being applied to them over long period of time.

Question 3

What is an igneous rock?

Answer 3

Rocks produced when molten magma cools and crystalises

Question 4

An example of a sedimentary rock

Answer 4

Sandstone

Question 5

An example of a metamorphic rock

Answer 5

Slate

Question 6

An example of an igneous rock

Answer 6

Basalt

Question 7

What is a U shaped Valley?

Answer 7

Formed when a glacier develops flows through a V-shaped river valley and the ice erodes the surrounding rocks to create a U shaped valley with a flat bottom and steep sides

Question 8

What is the impact of tectonic processes?

Answer 8

Continental drift has shifted the UK’s location from the tropics. Rock has been uplifted from the ocean by tectonic processes to create land. This movement has created faults and distorted the layers of rocks. This has changed the UK landscape.

Question 9

What is a scree slopes?

Answer 9

Piles of angular rock pieces on slopes that have been created by freeze-thaw weathering

Question 10

What is biological weathering?

Answer 10

It is weathering caused by plants and animals. For example, animals and roots

Question 11

What is chemical weathering?

Answer 11

It is weathering caused by chemical reactions between the substances and rocks. For example, acid rain

Question 12

What is physical weathering?

Answer 12

It is weathering caused by the effects of changing temperature on rocks, causing the rock to break apart. This process is sometimes assisted by water. For example, freeze-thaw weathering

Question 13

What human impacts on landscape in Yorkshire dales?

Answer 13

Local limestone used to construct houses and dry stone walls. Glacial Boulders removed to improve farmland. Dispersed settlement due to space needed to graze the uplands

Question 14

What human impacts on landscape in East Anglia?

Answer 14

Fences / boundaries by use of hedges due to lack of suitable rock to build with. Rick arable farmland. Communal settlements formed.

Question 15

What is the rock types of the UK?

Answer 15

The South of East of the UK is predominantly Sedimentary rock of differing with the youngest further South. Igneous can be found in the SW and in the North. With Metamorphic found mainly in Scotland.

Question 16

What are scarp and vale?

Answer 16

The uplift of rock has created features such as fault scarps were movement has resulted in layers of rock at an angle and higher up the others.

Question 17

What is anticline?

Answer 17

A ridge or fold of rock with many layers

Question 18

What is Compaction and Cementation?

Answer 18

The layers of deposited material get squashed together forming new rocks.

Question 19

What is a dip slope?

Answer 19

Behind the escarpment, gentle sloped follow the angle of the scarp.

Question 20

What is escarpments (scarps)?

Answer 20

Higher areas of resistant rocks like chalk

Question 21

What is Freeze thaw weathering?

Answer 21

When water in cracks freezes and expand. This eventually makes a rock shatter.

Question 22

What is geology?

Answer 22

The rock type and structure of the Earth

Question 23

What is a landslide?

Answer 23

Blocks of the rocks slide downhill along a slide plane.

Question 24

What is a mudslide?

Answer 24

Saturated soil flows down a slope.

Question 25

What is a rock fall?

Answer 25

Fragments of rock break away from a cliff face due to weathering. This can lead to the build of scree.

Question 26

What is slumping?

Answer 26

Saturated soil slumps in a curve motion down a slope.

Question 27

What is a vale?

Answer 27

Softer clay form lower and flatter ground