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Environmental Science > geology > Flashcards

geology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what type of fossil? happens pretty fats and the whole body is preserved

A

preserved remains

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2
Q

what type of fossil? impression left by a leaf in soft sediment such as mud after some of the materials of that organism evaporates or becomes gasses

A

carbon film

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3
Q

occurs when a dinosaur might have walked through mud and left tracks

A

trace

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4
Q

once living material is replaced by minerals turning into stone

A

petrified

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5
Q

which group of rock is most likely to have fossils

A

sedimentary because metamorphic and igneous undergo severe pressure

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6
Q

transform boundaries

A

two plates sliding past each other in different directions

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7
Q

divergent boundaries

A

two plates moving away from each other

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8
Q

convergent boundaries

A

two plates moving towards each other

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9
Q

subduction zone

A

usually on convergent boundaries, when a plate of oceanic crust collides with basaltic crust

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10
Q

metamorphic to igneous

A

metamorphic rocks melt into magma. magma erupts and cools to create igneous rocks.

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11
Q

igneous to sedimentary

A

igneous rocks undergo weathering and erosion until they turn into sediment. the sediment is compacted and condensed into sedimentary rocks.

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12
Q

sedimentary to metamorphic

A

sedimentary rocks undergo heat and pressure until they form metamorphic rocks.

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13
Q

igneous to metamorphic

A

heat and pressure

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14
Q

metamorphic to sediment

A

weathering and erosion

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15
Q

example of the rock cycle rocks

A

granite, sandstone, quartzite

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16
Q

metamorphic

A

forms by: heat and pressure

characteristics: rough, heavy, hard, sparkly, potting/lines
examples: slate, marble, quartzite, schist, gneiss

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17
Q

sedimentary rocks

A

forms by: erosion and then being compacted

characteristics: softest, muddy coloring, large chunks combined
examples: shale, limestone, sandstone, coal

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18
Q

examples of igneous rocks

A

forms by: cool lava or magma

characteristics: black and grey, rough, mainly spotted, some spongy
examples: granite, balsalt, pumice, obsidian

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19
Q

adaptation

A

a change or process of becoming better suited for your environment

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20
Q

evolution

A

the process in which animals develop

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21
Q

natural selection

A

the process in which organism adapt to become better suited for their environment. weaker organisms are eliminated

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22
Q

fossil

A

remains or impressions of an organism

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23
Q

list the four layers of the earth

A

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

24
Q

what is the continental drift theory

A

alfred wegeners theory that the continents and the land masses were once in a super continent pangea and slowly drifted apart

25
Q

evidence of pangea

A

evidence of glaciation, shapes and edges, geological provinces, mountain ranges,

26
Q

what are the top three components in the mantle

A

oxygen, magnesium, silica

27
Q

what is the temperature of the inner core

A

5000 degrees celsius

28
Q

what type of plant boundary is indicated by the mid-atlantic ridge

A

divergent

29
Q

which continent has the most plotted volcanoes

A

north america

30
Q

divergent have

A

volcanoes

31
Q

transform have

A

earthquakes

32
Q

convergent have

A

mostly oceanic earthquakes

33
Q

subduction zones have

A

volcanoes and earthquakes

34
Q

what components make up earths outer core

A

liquid - iron and nickel

35
Q

which of earths layers is the thickest

A

mantle

36
Q

where is the lithosphere

A

upper mantle - solid divided into tectonic plates

37
Q

what is the asthenosphere

A

lower level of the mantle below lithosphere, liquid - mechanically weak

38
Q

why is the inner core solid

A

there is so much pressure, iron

39
Q

the type of heat transfer that occurs under the earths surface

A

convection

40
Q

extends around the outer edge of the pacific ocean…contains numerous volcanoes and earthquakes

A

ring of fire

41
Q

a volcano and earthquake zone that runs from the arctic ocean southward touching iceland and a few small islands

A

mid atlantic ridge

42
Q

the largest lithosphere plate found on the earth

A

pacific

43
Q

a volcano and earthquake zone that coincides italy and greece

A

mediterranean zone

44
Q

dense rock beneath oceanic crust and less dense beneath continental crust

A

beneath ocean - ballast

breath continents- granite

45
Q

which boundary creates mountains?

A

convergent

46
Q

which boundary has earths crust neither created nor destroyed

A

transform

47
Q

which boundary is caused by convection currents

A

divergent boundary

48
Q

fossil type molds

A

an imprint that hardens without and actual organism form a hollow area in shape of an organism that was buried

49
Q

fossil type casts

A

a calcium carbonate of silica shell over the fossil that duplicates its shape.
organism sinks into water and is covered by sediment

50
Q

fossil type trace

A

footprint or track

51
Q

fossil type carbon film/print

A

leaves or insects buried in mud and is covered in carbon. sediment buries organism and organism dissolves releasing gasses leaving behind thin carbon film

52
Q

fossil type preserved remains

A

amber, mummication, tar pits

53
Q

fossil type petrified

A

fossils are completely replaced by minerals that harden

54
Q

where do earthquakes and volcanoes most likely occur

A

gaps between plates

55
Q

why is the eohippus no longer with us

A

it was unable to adapt

56
Q

intrusive rocks

A

magma hardens below surface

57
Q

extrusive rocks

A

after lava erupts

Environmental Science (9 decks)

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