geology Flashcards
what type of fossil? happens pretty fats and the whole body is preserved
preserved remains
what type of fossil? impression left by a leaf in soft sediment such as mud after some of the materials of that organism evaporates or becomes gasses
carbon film
occurs when a dinosaur might have walked through mud and left tracks
trace
once living material is replaced by minerals turning into stone
petrified
which group of rock is most likely to have fossils
sedimentary because metamorphic and igneous undergo severe pressure
transform boundaries
two plates sliding past each other in different directions
divergent boundaries
two plates moving away from each other
convergent boundaries
two plates moving towards each other
subduction zone
usually on convergent boundaries, when a plate of oceanic crust collides with basaltic crust
metamorphic to igneous
metamorphic rocks melt into magma. magma erupts and cools to create igneous rocks.
igneous to sedimentary
igneous rocks undergo weathering and erosion until they turn into sediment. the sediment is compacted and condensed into sedimentary rocks.
sedimentary to metamorphic
sedimentary rocks undergo heat and pressure until they form metamorphic rocks.
igneous to metamorphic
heat and pressure
metamorphic to sediment
weathering and erosion
example of the rock cycle rocks
granite, sandstone, quartzite
metamorphic
forms by: heat and pressure
characteristics: rough, heavy, hard, sparkly, potting/lines
examples: slate, marble, quartzite, schist, gneiss
sedimentary rocks
forms by: erosion and then being compacted
characteristics: softest, muddy coloring, large chunks combined
examples: shale, limestone, sandstone, coal
examples of igneous rocks
forms by: cool lava or magma
characteristics: black and grey, rough, mainly spotted, some spongy
examples: granite, balsalt, pumice, obsidian
adaptation
a change or process of becoming better suited for your environment
evolution
the process in which animals develop
natural selection
the process in which organism adapt to become better suited for their environment. weaker organisms are eliminated
fossil
remains or impressions of an organism
list the four layers of the earth
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
what is the continental drift theory
alfred wegeners theory that the continents and the land masses were once in a super continent pangea and slowly drifted apart
evidence of pangea
evidence of glaciation, shapes and edges, geological provinces, mountain ranges,
what are the top three components in the mantle
oxygen, magnesium, silica
what is the temperature of the inner core
5000 degrees celsius
what type of plant boundary is indicated by the mid-atlantic ridge
divergent
which continent has the most plotted volcanoes
north america
divergent have
volcanoes
transform have
earthquakes
convergent have
mostly oceanic earthquakes
subduction zones have
volcanoes and earthquakes
what components make up earths outer core
liquid - iron and nickel
which of earths layers is the thickest
mantle
where is the lithosphere
upper mantle - solid divided into tectonic plates
what is the asthenosphere
lower level of the mantle below lithosphere, liquid - mechanically weak
why is the inner core solid
there is so much pressure, iron
the type of heat transfer that occurs under the earths surface
convection
extends around the outer edge of the pacific ocean…contains numerous volcanoes and earthquakes
ring of fire
a volcano and earthquake zone that runs from the arctic ocean southward touching iceland and a few small islands
mid atlantic ridge
the largest lithosphere plate found on the earth
pacific
a volcano and earthquake zone that coincides italy and greece
mediterranean zone
dense rock beneath oceanic crust and less dense beneath continental crust
beneath ocean - ballast
breath continents- granite
which boundary creates mountains?
convergent
which boundary has earths crust neither created nor destroyed
transform
which boundary is caused by convection currents
divergent boundary
fossil type molds
an imprint that hardens without and actual organism form a hollow area in shape of an organism that was buried
fossil type casts
a calcium carbonate of silica shell over the fossil that duplicates its shape.
organism sinks into water and is covered by sediment
fossil type trace
footprint or track
fossil type carbon film/print
leaves or insects buried in mud and is covered in carbon. sediment buries organism and organism dissolves releasing gasses leaving behind thin carbon film
fossil type preserved remains
amber, mummication, tar pits
fossil type petrified
fossils are completely replaced by minerals that harden
where do earthquakes and volcanoes most likely occur
gaps between plates
why is the eohippus no longer with us
it was unable to adapt
intrusive rocks
magma hardens below surface
extrusive rocks
after lava erupts
