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Science > Geolegy > Flashcards

Geolegy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Igneous

A

Rocks that from the cooling magma or lava when it is flying through the air.

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2
Q

Lava

A

Magma that has reached the surface of a volcano

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3
Q

Magma

A

Liquid rock that has not reached the surface

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4
Q

Extrusive

A

igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface

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5
Q

Intrusive

A

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

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6
Q

Mineral

A

A solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance

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7
Q

lithosphere

A

The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

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8
Q

Asthenosphere

A

The upper layer of the earth’s mantle, below the lithosphere.

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9
Q

Crystal

A

A piece of a homogeneous solid substance

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10
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A

Rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure

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11
Q

Erosion

A

The wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and human activity

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12
Q

Floodplains

A

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

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13
Q

Glaciers

A

Large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

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14
Q

Moraines

A

Deposit left by movement of a glacier

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15
Q

Sandstone

A

A sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts

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16
Q

Mudstone

A

A fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

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17
Q

Shale

A

A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

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18
Q

Slitstone

A

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

19
Q

Conglomerate

A

Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

20
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

21
Q

Coal

A

A sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

22
Q

Rock Salt

A

A sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride.

23
Q

Metamorphic Rocks

A

A metamorphic rock is a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure

24
Q

Metamorphism

A

Alteration of the composition or structure of a rock by heat, pressure, or other natural agency

25
Q

Mineral ores

A

Rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

26
Q

Mining

A

Extraction of natural resources from the Earth

27
Q

Environmental impact statement (EIS)

A

Study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

28
Q

Rehabilitated

A

Restored to its previous condition

29
Q

Overburden

A

Waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.

30
Q

Open-cut mining

A

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

31
Q

Underground mining

A

Mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

32
Q

Stone Age

A

The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface

33
Q

Alloy

A

An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element.

34
Q

Flint

A

A hard grey rock consisting of nearly pure silica, occurring chiefly as nodules in chalk.

35
Q

Percussion flaking

A

The shaping of a stone implement by striking or chipping off flakes with another stone or a piece of wood, bone, or antler

36
Q

Fossil

A

Any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past

37
Q

Folding

A

The buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

38
Q

Paleontologist

A

A scientist who studies fossils

39
Q

Relative Age

A

The age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

40
Q

Carnivors

A

Animal that eats other animals

41
Q

Mould

A

Cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods

42
Q

Extinct Volcanos

A

Describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of future eruption.

43
Q

Trace Fossils

A

Fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed

Science (8 decks)

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