cells

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

The Nucleus is the control center of the cell. It contains DNA in the form of chromosomes and controls what the cell does and when.

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

The smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things. There are many different sized and shaped cells in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms.

Question 3

Prokaryotes

Answer 3

Organism classified as belonging to the Prokaryotae kingdom

Question 4

Eukaryote

Answer 4

Member of the group of organisms that has a membrane around the nucleus in each of their cells

Question 5

Cell Membrane

Answer 5

Structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out

Question 6

Cytosol

Answer 6

The fluid found inside cells

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

The jelly-like material inside a cell. It contains many organelles such as the nucleus and vacuoles.

Question 9

Plantae

Answer 9

The kingdom of organisms that have cells with a membrane around the nucleus, cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts, commonly called plants

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.

Question 11

Chloroplasts

Answer 11

Oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll. They are the ‘factories’ in which carbon dioxide and water are changed by sunlight and water into food by the process of photosynthesis.

Question 12

Vacuole

Answer 12

A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.

Question 13

Multicellular

Answer 13

Having many cells. Most plants and animals are multicellular.

Question 14

Unicellular

Answer 14

Describes an organism having only one cell

Question 15

Photosynthesis

Answer 15

The food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

Question 16

Chlorophyll

Answer 16

The green-coloured chemical in plants that absorbs the light energy used in photosynthesis to make food from carbon dioxide and water

Question 17

Organelle

Answer 17

Small shapes that can do certain jobs inside a cell

Question 18

Phloem

Answer 18

Type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant

Question 19

Translocation

Answer 19

Transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

Question 20

Xylem Vessels

Answer 20

Pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of dead xylem cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down. Lignin in the cell walls gives them strength.

Question 21

Lignin

Answer 21

A hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems. Lignin forms up to 30 per cent of the wood of trees.

Question 22

Stomata

Answer 22

Small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells. Singular = stoma.

Question 23

Transpiration Stream

Answer 23

Movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water from the leaves

Question 24

Vascular Bundles

Answer 24

Groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems

Question 25

Transpiration

Answer 25

Loss of water from plant leaves through their stomata

Question 26

Guard Cells

Answer 26

Cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma

Question 27

Wilt

Answer 27

Droop. Plant stems and leaves wilt when there is insufficient water in their cells.

Question 28

Vacuoles

Answer 28

Sacs within a cell used to store food and wastes. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole. Animal cells have several small vacuoles or none at all.

Question 29

Flaccid

Answer 29

Describes cells that are not firm due to loss of water

Question 30

Turgid

Answer 30

Describes something that is firm