Geography S1 Flashcards
What shapes the coast?
The waves
What is erosion?
When waves wear away the coast
What is transportation?
When waves carry eroded material away
What is deposition?
When waves carry material on and off the land
What is the coast?
A narrow area between the land and sea
What happens to the coast
It is fragile and constantly changing (erosion)
What can the waves do?
They can erode soft rocks quicker than hard rocks, the coastlines are made of different rocks.
What are the eroded coastlines called when the land sticks out?
Headlands
What are the coastlines called that are in the way?
Bays
How is a cave formed on the headlands of the coast?
A cave is formed by the waves crashing the soft rock and creating a cave
How is an arch formed?
An arch is formed by waves crashing hard against the cave to form an arch
How is a sea stack formed?
A sea stack is formed by waves crashing against an arch until the land above collapses to form a stack
How is a stump formed?
A sea stump is when the stack takes too much pressure from the waves and collapses
Name three ways we can protect the coast
Groynes- wooden barriers built down the coast to stop sand moving
Sea wall- concrete walls built along the coast to protect the land from waves
Gabions- wire mesh baskets filled with cobbles. They can absorb waves and wind energy
What are the problems of protecting the coast?
By building groynes, another part of the coast doesn’t recieve sand so gets eroded quicker. Stone walls are really exspensive
How were scotlands hills formed?
When scotland was covered in ice during the ice age, the glaciers helped shape scotlands hills
Name four features that the ice formed during the ice age
Pyramidal peaks
Aretes
U-shaped valleys
Corries
What are pyramidal peaks?
Sharp pointed mountain summits
What are aretes?
Narrow, steep sided ridges
What are corries?
Steep sided hollows high on the mountain side
What are U-shaped valleys?
Steep-sided, flat floored valleys
Where are the most mountains found in Scotland?
North and West
Where is scotlands lowland mainly?
Central Scotland
What is in the southern uplands of Scotland?
Hilly areas with rounded summits and deep valleys
What are the two rivers near Aberdeen?
River Don and River Dee
What river goes through Glasgow?
River Clyde
Where are the Grampian mountains?
Central Scotland
Name two famous Scottish mountain peaks
Ben Nevis
Ben Macdui
What formed the mountains and hollows in Assynt?
Glaciers carved them out
How was Loch Lomond formed?
By an earthquake
What is a settlement?
A place where people live e.g. town, village, city.
What did a settlement need to grow?
A function or use
What sort of functions do city’s need?
Holiday resorts, shops leisure centres and tourist attractions
What three things would people need for choosing a place for their city?
Shelter from the wind
Supply of wood, water and building materials
Level land for building
Name three reasons Edinburgh has grown
Its situation on the Firth of Forth
Its trading links with the port of Leith
Jobs e.g. finance.
How many people live in Scotland?
5.1 million
What has happened to scotlands population since 1971?
It has decreased
Why is scotland so densely populated on the lowlands?
It is flat and easy to build on
Why are there less people in the northwest highlands of Scotland?
It is mountainous and the climate is often cold and windy
Name 3 problems of crofting
It is sparsely populated in crofting areas
The weather can be harsh and don’t know what to expect
Not much technology
Where is crofting?
Scottish Islands and northwest highlands
What is weather?
The state of atmosphere from day to day
What is climate?
The weather measured over years and the average worked out
Where is it the coldest in Scotland?
The north
Where is it the warmest in Scotland?
The south
Why is it wetter in the west than the east in Scotland?
There is more high land
Why did the romans pick the location for London?
It had good defence, dry land, water supply and good building materials
Name the four areas of London
The city
Westminster
The west end
The east end
What functions did London have?
Market town
Port
Transport
Holiday functions
What are the problems of living in london
Houses are expensive
Its noisy
Overcrowded trains
Traffic jams
What have people done to Make London better?
Old docks and houses have been cleared
Warehouses being turned into expensive flats
