Geography S1

Question 1

What shapes the coast?

Answer 1

The waves

Question 2

What is erosion?

Answer 2

When waves wear away the coast

Question 3

What is transportation?

Answer 3

When waves carry eroded material away

Question 4

What is deposition?

Answer 4

When waves carry material on and off the land

Question 5

What is the coast?

Answer 5

A narrow area between the land and sea

Question 6

What happens to the coast

Answer 6

It is fragile and constantly changing (erosion)

Question 7

What can the waves do?

Answer 7

They can erode soft rocks quicker than hard rocks, the coastlines are made of different rocks.

Question 8

What are the eroded coastlines called when the land sticks out?

Answer 8

Headlands

Question 9

What are the coastlines called that are in the way?

Answer 9

Bays

Question 10

How is a cave formed on the headlands of the coast?

Answer 10

A cave is formed by the waves crashing the soft rock and creating a cave

Question 11

How is an arch formed?

Answer 11

An arch is formed by waves crashing hard against the cave to form an arch

Question 12

How is a sea stack formed?

Answer 12

A sea stack is formed by waves crashing against an arch until the land above collapses to form a stack

Question 13

How is a stump formed?

Answer 13

A sea stump is when the stack takes too much pressure from the waves and collapses

Question 14

Name three ways we can protect the coast

Answer 14

Groynes- wooden barriers built down the coast to stop sand moving
Sea wall- concrete walls built along the coast to protect the land from waves
Gabions- wire mesh baskets filled with cobbles. They can absorb waves and wind energy

Question 15

What are the problems of protecting the coast?

Answer 15

By building groynes, another part of the coast doesn’t recieve sand so gets eroded quicker. Stone walls are really exspensive

Question 16

How were scotlands hills formed?

Answer 16

When scotland was covered in ice during the ice age, the glaciers helped shape scotlands hills

Question 17

Name four features that the ice formed during the ice age

Answer 17

Pyramidal peaks
Aretes
U-shaped valleys
Corries

Question 18

What are pyramidal peaks?

Answer 18

Sharp pointed mountain summits

Question 19

What are aretes?

Answer 19

Narrow, steep sided ridges

Question 20

What are corries?

Answer 20

Steep sided hollows high on the mountain side

Question 21

What are U-shaped valleys?

Answer 21

Steep-sided, flat floored valleys

Question 22

Where are the most mountains found in Scotland?

Answer 22

North and West

Question 23

Where is scotlands lowland mainly?

Answer 23

Central Scotland

Question 24

What is in the southern uplands of Scotland?

Answer 24

Hilly areas with rounded summits and deep valleys

Question 25

What are the two rivers near Aberdeen?

Answer 25

River Don and River Dee

Question 26

What river goes through Glasgow?

Answer 26

River Clyde

Question 27

Where are the Grampian mountains?

Answer 27

Central Scotland

Question 28

Name two famous Scottish mountain peaks

Answer 28

Ben Nevis | Ben Macdui

Question 29

What formed the mountains and hollows in Assynt?

Answer 29

Glaciers carved them out

Question 30

How was Loch Lomond formed?

Answer 30

By an earthquake

Question 31

What is a settlement?

Answer 31

A place where people live e.g. town, village, city.

Question 32

What did a settlement need to grow?

Answer 32

A function or use

Question 33

What sort of functions do city’s need?

Answer 33

Holiday resorts, shops leisure centres and tourist attractions

Question 34

What three things would people need for choosing a place for their city?

Answer 34

Shelter from the wind Supply of wood, water and building materials Level land for building

Question 35

Name three reasons Edinburgh has grown

Answer 35

Its situation on the Firth of Forth Its trading links with the port of Leith Jobs e.g. finance.

Question 36

How many people live in Scotland?

Answer 36

5.1 million

Question 37

What has happened to scotlands population since 1971?

Answer 37

It has decreased

Question 38

Why is scotland so densely populated on the lowlands?

Answer 38

It is flat and easy to build on

Question 39

Why are there less people in the northwest highlands of Scotland?

Answer 39

It is mountainous and the climate is often cold and windy

Question 40

Name 3 problems of crofting

Answer 40

It is sparsely populated in crofting areas The weather can be harsh and don’t know what to expect Not much technology

Question 41

Where is crofting?

Answer 41

Scottish Islands and northwest highlands

Question 42

What is weather?

Answer 42

The state of atmosphere from day to day

Question 43

What is climate?

Answer 43

The weather measured over years and the average worked out

Question 44

Where is it the coldest in Scotland?

Answer 44

The north

Question 45

Where is it the warmest in Scotland?

Answer 45

The south

Question 46

Why is it wetter in the west than the east in Scotland?

Answer 46

There is more high land

Question 47

Why did the romans pick the location for London?

Answer 47

It had good defence, dry land, water supply and good building materials

Question 48

Name the four areas of London

Answer 48

The city Westminster The west end The east end

Question 49

What functions did London have?

Answer 49

Market town Port Transport Holiday functions

Question 50

What are the problems of living in london

Answer 50

Houses are expensive Its noisy Overcrowded trains Traffic jams

Question 51

What have people done to Make London better?

Answer 51

Old docks and houses have been cleared | Warehouses being turned into expensive flats