Farming S3 Flashcards
What is arable farming
Arable farming specialises in growing crops, mainly cereals such as oat, barley, rapeseed and wheat
What is pastoral farming
Specialises in reading livestock such as sheep and cattle
What is mixed farming
Mix of pastoral and arable farming but one will usually dominate
What conditions and locations would arable farms usually be in
South east Large flat areas Deep fertile soil Warm Some rain
What conditions and locations would you usually find hill sheep farms
North west, steep slopes on hills, shallow infertile soil, wet all year,
What’s the source of income for arable farms
Grain and fruit and veg
What is the source of income for hill sheep farms
Meat and wool
What is transport and access conditions like for hill sheep farms
No heavy machinery, minor road, markets far away
What is transport and access conditions like for arable farms
Lots of modern machinery for ploughing and harvesting, connected by major roads and markets nearby so heavy crops and crops that go bad quickly should be grown nearest the market
What’s a difficulty with arable farms
Dependant on weather
What’s a difficulty with hill sheep farms
Large area hard to access
What are mega farms
Farms sets up to rear animals for sale on a massive level
What do farmers need to be classed as a Mega farm
40000 birds, 2000 pigs and 700 cows
Why do farmers need mega farms
Meat in high demand so they need to produce lots of it
Where did mega farms start and are there any in the uk
They were largely a us idea but have become more prominent in the uk and there’s about 800 in the uk
Name 6 issues with meg farms
Animals in small spaces with no access to outdoor and no windows- animal cruelty
Very expensive
Bad for the land/soil
Small farms go out of business- supermarkets buying cheaper meat from mega farms instead of smaller farms
Animals can become very unhealthy and not in good state when sold in supermarket
Animals like cows need big fields with lots of space but are kept inside- not healthy
Name 6 benefits of mega farms
Cheap products for shoppers Plenty of meat More efficient Less labour for people Less likely to go out of business Less land to take up
5 reasons why sheep are suitable up high on hills
Wool keeps them warm in cold temperatures
Sheep eat grass so they don’t need to grow crops
Tough soles on feet help sheep walk on rocky terrain
Sheep’s bodies are close to the ground so easy to stand on steep slopes
Machinery can’t drive on steep land so it’s good to keep sheep there instead of growing crops
What can be 6 changes from farming back then to now
Less hedgerows More machines now Clearer roads Clearer fields Cleared marshland New campsites for tourists
Explain these possible changes in farming
Less hedgerows - more space for crops
More machines - more advanced, modern machinery, workers don’t need to do as much work themselves now
Clearer roads - more space for transport and machinery to get around
Clearer fields - more room for machinery and more space for farming
Cleared marshland - more field space for crops and animals
New campsite for tourists - more money for farm and good reputation
Name 5 new technologies in farming
New Holland T8.435 tractor (18 tonne) GPS satellite technology Drones and ground sensors Thermal cameras Moo monitor
What are 4 positive impacts of new technology
Drones Eco-friendly
Less manual labour - more machines doing it for them
saves money and materials - moo monitor is efficient and quick/easy
Big blue tractor works 24/7 - can tell where the most fertile or waterlogged places are and versatile
What is a moo monitor
Allows farmers to get update on cows health and activity on phone - can monitor entire herd. It saves money and materials.
What’s good about god satellite tech
It can identify weeds and spray fertiliser on crops from above
What are four problems with new tech for farming
Big blue tractor - pollution from diesel, very expensive and heavy
Drones don’t work in all hours - have to use manual labour sometimes
Machines destroy soil - soil becomes infertile - can’t grow crops
People lose their jobs - due to new machinery replacing them - higher unemployment rates leading to poverty
Explain 1 reason why farms have bigger buildings now
Store machinery and increase crop yield
Why have fertilisers and pesticides increased
Pesticides stop waste from bugs and fertilisers increase crop yield and reduce waste
Why are there larger fields now and removed hedgerows
Allows new machines to move around easily
Why did they introduce set aside schemes ( where farmers were paid to leave certain areas of land alone and not grow anything)
Prevent crop wastage and increase biodiversity
Why did we introduces quotas ( farmers given a limit on how much they can grow )
To prevent crop wastage
What are gm crops and why are they used
They are scientifically modified crops made in a lab that are good because it means bigger yields of crops and reduce waste from pests
