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Y8 EOY > Geography EOY > Flashcards

Geography EOY Flashcards

1
Q

What proportion of the world’s population lives in Asia?

A

60%

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2
Q

Asia has coastlines with which oceans?

A

Arctic, Indian, Pacific

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3
Q

List five Asian countries

A

Any that apply. e.g Sri Lanka, India, Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia

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4
Q

What is the tallest mountain in Asia?

A

Mt Everest

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5
Q

What is the largest mountain range in Asia?

A

The Himalayas

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6
Q

What is the longest river in Asia?

A

The Yangtze river

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7
Q

Which two of asia’s countries are most densely populated?

A

China and India

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8
Q

Name 3 of Asia’s biomes.

A

Tundra - bitterly cold; ground is frozen
Taiga - thick coniferous forests; hot, damp summers; long, cold winters
Steppe - plains of grassland; few trees but very dry

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9
Q

Which compass point is driest in China?

A

North

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10
Q

Name 5 western Chinese provinces.

A

Tibet
Sichuan
Yunnan
Guizhou
Congqing

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11
Q

Define Urbanisation

A

An increase in the proportion of people living in Urban areas compared to rural areas

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12
Q

How is human activity affecting the rainforests in Asia?

A

Deforestation is affecting the rainforests in asia and many forests are being destroyed due to this

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13
Q

Give a fact about the physical geography in China

A

The tibetan plateau has many glaciers, making it good for the people.
The climate gets drier as you go north

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14
Q

Is China in the east or west of Asia?

A

East

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15
Q

What is the main industry in Sichuan?

A

Metal ores and factories

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16
Q

Name one of the issues facing the people of Tibet

A

They have a high altitude and this makes having livestock and growing crops difficult. This can make

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17
Q

What is a fetch?

A

The area in the ocean where waves are created

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18
Q

What three things affect the size or waves?

A
  1. the size of the fetch
  2. the power of the wind
  3. the longer the wind blows for
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19
Q

What are tides?

A

The gravitational pull of the moon and sun affect the tides. The moon is further away so it has less of an effect

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20
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

A form of erosion when water is forced into cracks, freezes and expands this leads to the cracks growing

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21
Q

What is solution?

A

When rocks are dissolved in the ocean

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22
Q

What is abrasion?

A

When rocks hit the cliff face and knock pieces off

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23
Q

What is attrition?

A

When the rocks in the sea crash against each other, wearing them down

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24
Q

Explain the process of longshore drift

A

The prevailing wind pushes the water into the shore, carrying the sediment with it. Then the backwash pushes this back out at a 90 degree angle to the shore. This continues down the coastline

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25
Q

Where do bays form?

A

Bays form where the rock is softer and can be eroded more easily

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26
Q

Where do headlands form?

A

Where the rock is harder and can’t be eroded

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27
Q

What forms behind a spit?

A

A salt marsh

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28
Q

Name two human activities that affect the coastline

A

Pollution and watersports

29
Q

Name two examples of hard engineering

A

Sea wall, rock armour

30
Q

Name two examples of soft engineering

A

Beach replenishment and dune preservation

31
Q

Why did towns and cities start to grow in the UK in the 1800s?

A

The industrial revolution

32
Q

What was life like in cities like Manchester for the workers that moved there?

A

Awful. The conditions were unsanitary and there was disease everywhere

33
Q

Define regeneration

A

Regeneration is upgrading existing features

34
Q

Give an example of regeneration in Manchester

A

Media city

35
Q

Which continent has the highest level of urbanisation?

A

South America

36
Q

Which continent has the lowest level of urbanisation?

A

Africa

37
Q

Define rural area

A

Countryside - low population and small settlements.

38
Q

Define Urban area

A

Cities and towns - high population

39
Q

Define Urbanisation

A

an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas.

40
Q

What was the Industrial revolution?

A

A period of transition to effective machinery and mass manufacturing instead of handmade goods.

41
Q

When and where did the industrial revolution start?

A

1760 (18th centuary)
It started in Britain

42
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution affect Manchester?

A

The population increased by loads, people came from rural areas for work at the cotton mills (machines that had been invented in the industrial revolution). Manchester became a city.

43
Q

What is regeneration and can you give examples of this in Manchester?

A

Regeneration - strategies to improve an area
e.g Media city (attracting lots of people for jobs and lots of investments for the city)

44
Q

What is the pattern of urbanisation around the world?

A

Urbanisation has happened everywhere - more of the population is living in Urban areas. South American and America have the most people living in Urban areas.

45
Q

What are the benefits and disadvantages of living in urban areas?

A

Advantages - well paid jobs, easier to find work, healthcare, education
Disadvantages - expensive, crime, competition for housing

46
Q

What are slums?

A

Over crowded temporary housing, very poor and house are built out of random materials.

47
Q

Where do slums form?

A

In Urban areas (cities)

48
Q

What are the conditions of slums?

A

Very poor, living amongst sewage (lots of disease), high crime, not sanitary.

49
Q

What does sustainable mean?

A

Sustainability means meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

50
Q

In what ways can cities be sustainable?

A
  • cut car use (good and cheap public transport, cycle lanes)
  • energy efficient housing
  • more trees, plant in parks and green roofs
51
Q

Example of a sustainable city?

A

Madscar City

52
Q

What causes waves?

A

wind

53
Q

What effects how strong the waves are?

A
  • how long the wind has been blowing
  • the fetch (the length of water the wind has been blowing on)
  • how strong the wind was
54
Q

Hydraulic action

A

Water is forced into the cracks by waves

55
Q

Abrasion

A

The waves flick pebbles and rock at the rock, wearing it away like sand paper.

56
Q

Attrition

A

The rock that has been broken off the cliff is worn down to sand and pebbles by other rocks.

57
Q

Solution

A

The water dissolves the rock

58
Q

Transportation

A

The sand and sediment is transported along the beach

59
Q

Deposition

A

waves carry the material on and off the beach, this is how a beach forms.

60
Q

longshore drift

A

Gravity cause the waves the leave the beach at 90 degrees (backwash), the waves come back to the beach at an angle (swash) , this is how things are transported along the coast.

61
Q

Headlands and bays form

A

The rock has different strengths so the softer rock is eroded quick forming a bay and the harder rock erodes slower leaving a headland

62
Q

How stumps are formed?

A

1) a crack is formed by erosion
2) the crack gets bigger into a cave by hydraulic action
3) The cave gets eroded forming an arch
4) the arch collapses leaving a stack
5) The stack gets eroded leaving a stump

63
Q

How wave cut platforms are formed?

A

1) The waves create wave notches into the cliff, they get deeper and deeper
2) The rock above them collapses
3) The process keeps happening, the cliff slowly retreats leaving a wave cut platform

64
Q

How are spits formed?

A

1) sand is deposited at the end of a headland as it disrupts longshore drift
2) The end of the spit is curved by the waves
3) Sand and mud builds up behind the spit forming a slat marsh

65
Q

What do we use the coast for?

A
  • recreation
  • trading
  • businesses (fishing industry)
66
Q

Hard engineering

A
  • groynes
  • sea wall
  • rip rap
67
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of hard engineering

A
  • expensive, visible, disrupts natural process
  • more effective than soft
68
Q

Soft engineering

A
  • artificial reef
  • beach nourishment
69
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of soft engineering

A
  • less effective, needs to be maintained
  • works with beaches natural process, more affordable

Y8 EOY (13 decks)

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