Biology EOY

Question 1

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 1

The plants and animals that are found in a particular area

Question 2

What is a community?

Answer 2

The living organisms within an ecosystem

Question 3

What is a population?

Answer 3

The number of animals or plants of the same type within an area

Question 4

What is a habitat?

Answer 4

The area in which a community lives

Question 5

What is a niche?

Answer 5

A particular place or role that an organism has within an ecosystem

Question 6

What is a quadrat?

Answer 6

A piece of equipment used to determine the population of a species in an area

Question 7

Why must sampling be random?

Answer 7

To remove bias

Question 8

What is a transect?

Answer 8

A piece of equipment used to measure the change in the population of a species along a line

Question 9

How do you outline the population of a field with a quadrat?

Answer 9

• Divide the field into a grid
• Generate random numbers to use as coordinates
• Place the quadrat at these coordinates
• Count the number of species at this coordinate
• Repeat 10 times
• Calculate the mean
• Scale this mean up to the area of the field

Question 10

What is a food chain?

Answer 10

A diagram to show what an organism eats

Question 11

What do the arrows represent in a food chain?

Answer 11

The transfer of energy

Question 12

What is a producer?

Answer 12

The organism at the start of a food chain that gets it’s energy from the sun

Question 13

What is a herbivore?

Answer 13

An animal that only eats plants

Question 14

What is a carnivore?

Answer 14

An animal that eats other animals

Question 15

Why are food chains short?

Answer 15

The energy transferred along the food chain decreases after each level. After four or five links the energy transferred to the organism at the too would be too little

Question 16

Why does the amount of energy decrease through the food chain?

Answer 16

Energy is transferred to the surroundings as heat and waste products

Question 17

What is interdependence?

Answer 17

When organisms rely on each other to survive, grow and reproduce

Question 18

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 18

When chemicals build up along the food chain meaning animals towards the end of a food chain are more affected than those at the start

Question 19

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 19

Water + carbon dioxide —> glucose + oxygen

Question 20

What is glucose stored as in a plant?

Answer 20

Starch

Question 21

How do you test for starch?

Answer 21

Orange iodine will turn black if starch is present

Question 22

What is the green pigment in leaves?

Answer 22

Chlorophyll

Question 23

What is the function of chlorophyll?

Answer 23

To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 24

How is the palisade layer adapted for photosynthesis?

Answer 24

Large surface area and lots of chloroplasts to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 25

How is the spongy layer adapted for photosynthesis?

Answer 25

Large spaces for gas exchange

Question 26

What is the function of stomata?

Answer 26

They open and close to control water loss and gas exchange

Question 27

What are the cells that control the stomata called?

Answer 27

Guard cells

Question 28

What are the four minerals that plants need for healthy growth?

Answer 28

Nitrates, phosphates, magnesium, potassium

Question 29

What does a deficiency in magnesium cause?

Answer 29

Plants can't make chlorophyll so their leaves turn yellow

Question 30

What does a deficiency in phosphates cause?

Answer 30

Poor root growth and young leaves look purple

Question 31

What does a deficiency in potassium cause?

Answer 31

Yellow leaves with dead patches

Question 32

What does a deficiency in nitrates cause?

Answer 32

Old, yellow leaves and poor plant growth

Question 33

What are xylem tubes?

Answer 33

They are tubes in the stem that transport minerals around the plant

Question 34

What is an NPK fertiliser?

Answer 34

A substance added to the soil to replace the minerals taken by plants

Question 35

What does NPK stand for in NPK fertilisers?

Answer 35

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

Question 36

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 36

Glucose + oxygen ---> water + carbon dioxide

Question 37

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 37

Glucose ---> lactic acid (+ energy)

Question 38

Where does aerobic respiration take place in a cell?

Answer 38

Mitochondria

Question 39

Describe the process of fermentation

Answer 39

In some microorganisms anaerobic respiration produces ethanol and carbon dioxide instead of lactic acid

Question 40

What is the word equation for fermentation?

Answer 40

Glucose ---> carbon dioxide + ethanol ( + energy)

Question 41

Name three products made using fermentation

Answer 41

Beer, bread and wine

Question 42

What is fermented to make bread?

Answer 42

Yeast in flour. The ethanol is burned away in the baking process

Question 43

What is fermented to make wine?

Answer 43

Yeast ferments sugar in grapes

Question 44

What is fermented to make beer?

Answer 44

Yeast ferments sugar in barley grains

Question 45

What is chemosynthesis?

Answer 45

Where bacteria uses chemical reactions to make glucose

Question 46

What are the bacteria that carry out chemosynthesis called?

Answer 46

Chemosynthetic

Question 47

Where do sulfur bacteria live?

Answer 47

They are found at the bottom of the ocean where they convert hydrogen sulfides into nutrients

Question 48

Where do nitrogen bacteria live?

Answer 48

They live in the soil and roots of some plants where they use nitrogen in chemosynthesis

Question 49

Outline the term symbiotic relationship. Use the example of tubeworms and chemosynthetic bacteria

Answer 49

A symbiotic relationship is where each organism benefits from each other. Tubeworms live in sea vents on the seafloor but do not have a stomach. Chemosynthetic bacteria live within the tubeworm and use chemicals from the tubeworms for chemosynthesis. The tubeworm then feeds of the substances made by the bacteria.

Question 50

What resources do animals compete for?

Answer 50

Food, water, space and mates

Question 51

What resources do plants compete for?

Answer 51

Light, space, water, minerals

Question 52

What is adaptation?

Answer 52

Features that enable an organism to be successful and therefore survive

Question 53

Give adaptations of animals living in the desert

Answer 53

1. Large body- heats up slowly 2. Doesn't sweat- preserves body 3. Wide feet- don't sink into the sand 4. Long eyelashes- stop sand going into eyes 5. Concentrated urine and dry faeces- preserve water

Question 54

Give adaptations of a plant in the desert

Answer 54

1. Waxy layer- prevents water loss 2. Thick stems- store more water 3. Widespread roots- collect more water 4. Spines- preserve water and not get eaten

Question 55

How do trees cope with the changing seasons?

Answer 55

Lose their leaves in Winter to save energy. Also regain the nutrients and stops roots freezing

Question 56

How do animals cope with changing seasons?

Answer 56

1. Hibernation 2. Migration 3. Grow thicker fur

Question 57

How does the snowshoe hare cope with the changing seasons?

Answer 57

As is gets warmer, its fur gets more brown

Question 58

What is interdependence?

Answer 58

When the population of one animal directly affects the population of another

Question 59

What is variation?

Answer 59

Difference in characteristics

Question 60

What is inherited variation?

Answer 60

Variation in characteristics that are inherited from parents