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yr9 eoys > geography > Flashcards

geography Flashcards

1
Q

what is population distribution?

A

the pattern of where people live and how the population is spread out

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2
Q

what is population density?

A

a measurement of the number of people in an area

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3
Q

what is the equation for population density?

A

people per km^2 = population/area(km^2)

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4
Q

what does it mean if somewhere is densely populated?

A

its an area with lots of people

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5
Q

what does it mean if somewhere is sparsely populated?

A

its an area which contains few people

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6
Q

what 5 factors can influence population growth?

A

birth rates, ways of giving birth, living conditions, healthcare, death rates

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7
Q

what is the demographic transition model?

A

a simplified version of how population has changed over time

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8
Q

what does birth rate mean?

A

the total number of live births per 1000 of a population in a year

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9
Q

what does death rate mean?

A

the total number of deaths per 1000 of a population in a year

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10
Q

what is a biome?

A

a large ecosystem, labelled according to its climate and the species living there

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11
Q

what are temperate coniferous forests?

A

evergreen forests that are found in places with warm summers, cool winters and often fairly heavy rainfall

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12
Q

what are temperate deciduous forests?

A

forests made up of trees with broad leaves, that lose their leaves in winter

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13
Q

what are tundras?

A

cold areas of land that have very little trees and vegetation, mostly found in the arctic/antarctic and on top of mountains

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14
Q

what are temperate grasslands?

A

areas with mostly grass that recieve rain and have cold winters and warm summers

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15
Q

what is a tropical rainforest?

A

a hot, moist biome that recieves rain all year long. they’re found mostly around the equator so are humid and contain lots of wildlife

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16
Q

what are deserts?

A

dry, arid areas of land that recieve very little rain. they don’t have much vegetation as theres barely any water

17
Q

what is the mediterranean?

A

land made up of scrubland, with dry summers and wet winters

18
Q

what are tropical savannahs?

A

areas with lots of tall grasses, as well as some trees, they are one of the drier biomes. their climate is usually quite warm, although at some points in the year recieve significant rainfall

19
Q

what is the top layer of a rainforest?

A

emergent

20
Q

what is the layer of a rainforest below the emergent?

A

canopy

21
Q

what is the layer of a rainforest below the canopy?

A

understory/shrub layer

22
Q

what is the layer of a rainforest below the shrub layer?

A

forest floor

23
Q

what is commercial farming?

A

farming to sell produce for a profit to retailers or food processing companies

24
Q

what is debt reduction?

A

countries are relieved of some of their debt in return for protecting their rainforests

25
Q

what is deforestation?

A

the chopping down and removal of trees to clear an area of a forest

26
Q

what is ecotourism?

A

responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the wellbeing of the local people, and may involve education. it is usually carried out in small groups and has minimal impact on the local ecosystem

27
Q

what is logging?

A

the business of cutting down trees and transporting the logs to sawmills

28
Q

what is mineral extraction?

A

the removal of solid mineral resources from the earth. these resources include ores, precious stones, building stones and solid fuels

29
Q

what is selective logging?

A

the cutting out of trees which are mature or inferior to encourage the growth of the remaining trees in a forest or wood

30
Q

what is soil erosion?

A

removal of topsoil faster than it can be replaced, due to natural (water and wind action), animal and human activity. topsoil is the lop layer of soil and is the most fertile because it contains the most organic, nutrient-rich materials

31
Q

what is subsistence farming?

A

a type of agriculture producing food and materials for the benefit only of the farmer and their family

32
Q

what is a push factor?

A

something that can force or encourage people to move away from an area

33
Q

what is a pull factor?

A

something which encourages people to move to an area

34
Q

how does migration affect the rate of urbanisation?

A

rural to urban migration because of push and pull factors

35
Q

how does natural increase affect the rate of urbanisation?

A

the difference between the number of live births and deaths, generally calculated over a year. (its positive when the number of births are higher than deaths and negative when the number of deaths exceeds the number of births)

yr9 eoys (12 decks)

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