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History > Geography 1 - Foundational Skills > Flashcards

Geography 1 - Foundational Skills Flashcards

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1
Q

An angular distance north or south of the Earth’s equator, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.

A

Latitude

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1
Q

An angular distance east or west of the Earth’s equator, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.

A

Longitude

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2
Q

A circle on the surface of a sphere whose plane passes through the center. It represents the shortest distance between two points.

A

Great Circle

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3
Q

North, south, east, and west.

A

Cardinal Directions

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4
Q

Helps a person read a map by explaining the symbols and/or colors used on the map.

A

Legend

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5
Q

An object showing the principal directions printed on a map or chart.

A

Compass Rose

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6
Q

The relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the surface of the Earth.

A

Scale

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7
Q

A map that depicts land configuration, including elevation.

A

Relief

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8
Q

Collective term for lines of latitude and longitude that form an imaginary grid over Earth’s surface, making it possible to locate a specific point.

A

Grid System

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9
Q

24 longitudinal divisions of the globe, roughly 15 degrees wide, in which clocks show the same time.

A

Time Zones

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10
Q

Lines of latitude and longitude are mapped as horizontal and vertical lines. Distortion is greater in high latitudes.

A

Cylindrical Projections

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11
Q

Reduces distortion in shape and area near tangent or secant parallels.

A

Conic Projections

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12
Q

Projects onto a plane. Directions from a central point are preserved. Great circles through central point are straight lines.

A

Azimuthal Projections

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13
Q

an imaginary line about which a body rotates.

A

Axis

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14
Q

move in a circle on a central axis.

A

Revolve/ Revolution

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15
Q

A specific pairing of latitude and longitude on a coordinate grid.

A

Absolute Location

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16
Q

A system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data.

A

GIS – Geographic Information System

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16
Q

A point on the earth in relation to another point or place.

A

Relative location

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17
Q

A navigation system that allows land, sea, and airborne users to determine their exact location anywhere in the world.

A

GPS – Global Positioning System

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18
Q

A set of closely grouped islands.

A

Archipelago

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19
Q

A ring of low-lying islands

A

Atoll

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20
Q

An inlet of the sea where the land curves inward

A

Bay

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21
Q

A deep, narrow valley with steep slopes, usually with a river running through it.

A

Canyon

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22
Q

A point of land that extends into the water.

A

Cape

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23
Q

A wide waterway between two close, large landmasses.

A

channel

24
Q

A sheltered coastal inlet, smaller than a bay.

A

cove

24
Q

A fan shaped area where a river meets a larger body of water. Land builds up from river sediments.

A

Delta

25
Q

An area where freshwater from a river or stream meets the ocean, and the water mixes.

A

Estuary

26
Q

A long, narrow, inlet from the sea between steep slopes of a mountainous coast.

A

Fjord

27
Q

A flat area next to a river, formed by river sediments and subject to flooding

A

Floodplain

28
Q

A large area of sea or ocean, partially enclosed by land.

A

Gulf

29
Q

An area of land surrounded by a body of water.

A

Island

30
Q

The part of a river that meets a larger body of water; lake, sea, ocean.

A

Mouth (of a River)

31
Q

A piece of land surrounded on 3 sides by water, but connected to the mainland.

A

Peninsula

32
Q

A lowland area between mountains or highlands. Formed by separation of continental plates.

A

Rift Valley

33
Q

A body of water partially or fully enclosed by land, usually connected to the ocean.

A

Sea

34
Q

A long, wide inlet of the ocean.

A

Sound

35
Q

A narrow waterway that connects two larger bodies of water.

A

Strait

36
Q

A stream that feeds into a larger stream or river.

A

Tributary

37
Q

Plates of land which float on and travel over Earth’s mantle.

A

Tectonic Plates

38
Q

The region of Earth’s interior between the crust and core.

A

Mantle

39
Q

The outermost solid shell of our planet.

A

Lithosphere

39
Q

Molten rock from the mantle

A

Magma

40
Q

The theory that the continents were once connected and the plates slowly separated.

A

Continental Drift

40
Q

The scientist who first theorized about Continental Drift

A

Alfred Wegener

41
Q

An underwater mountain range, where plates diverge and the sea floor spreads

A

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

42
Q

Where a dense ocean plate collides with a lighter continental plate. The heavier plate gets pushed below into the mantle.

A

Subduction Zones

43
Q

the breakdown of the materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces.

A

Weathering

43
Q

A massive chain of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean

A

Ring of Fire

44
Q

The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil.

A

Erosion

45
Q

rock and soil fragments.

A

Sediment

46
Q

large masses of rock are physically broken into smaller pieces.

A

Physical

46
Q

the laying down of sediments in a new location.

A

Deposition

47
Q

changes the chemical makeup of rocks (rocks dissolve in acidic environments. Many caves have been formed this way.)

A

Chemical

48
Q

Wind carries small particles of dust, sand, and soil from one place to another.

A

Wind Erosion

49
Q

Glaciers are large bodies of ice that move across Earth’s surface. They are formed over time as layers of snow press together and turn into ice.

A

Glacial Erosion

50
Q

removes vegetation from the land and leads to soil erosion.

A

Deforestation

51
Q

Water erosion begins when spring water and rainwater flow downhill in streams, cutting into the land and wearing away soil and rock.

A

Water Erosion

52
Q

ll

A

lines longitude

53
Q

=

A

lines latitude

54
Q

Rearrange these steps that lead to precipitation: (Think about cause and effect)

A
  1. Air mass cools
  2. Air mass rises
  3. Water vapor condenses (clouds form)

History (3 decks)

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