geog book 2 chap 3

Question 1

what is sustainable tourism development

Answer 1

sustainable tourism development in the tourism industry is achieved when sustainability principles are applied to economic, social and environmental aspects of tourism development

Question 2

how does the continual provision of environmental opportunities and income growth ensure economic sustainability?

Answer 2

employment provdied by the industry needs to ensurd that locals have stable employment and source of income

skills training should be offered to ensure career progress and income growth for locals in the long run

provides locals who are seasonally employed with a variety of skills to use in off-peak seasons ensuring stable employment and income

Question 3

how does the increased provision of social services that raise standards of living ensure economic sustainability

Answer 3

tourism revenue can build schools or clinics for locals, enabling them, especially the disadvantaged ones to have access to basic needs raising thsir standards of living

with more education opportunities, locals can seek better employment and income, increasing the standard of living and ensures economic sustainability

Question 4

how does the respect of authencity of local communities, practices and art forms ensure social sustainability

Answer 4

when the authority of traditional practices and art forms are respected, they continue to be meaningful and significant for locals and tourists, leading to continued practice and preservation by locals ensuring social sustainability

when these practices are disrespected it may cause conflict amongst locals and tourists discouraging tourism

visitor attractions could be sensitively developed to showcase authentic local culture, and tourists can be advised by tour guides on how they must be respectful when interacting with locals

Question 5

how does contributing to intercultural understanding and tolerance ensure social sustainability

Answer 5

exchanges between tourists and locals should enhance understanding

enabling local cultures to be meaningful for tourists and locals leading to the continued practice and preservation of culture, ensuring social sustainability

a positive experience between tourist and locals and tourists ensure the continuity if such exchanges and attracts more tourists to come

Question 6

how does maintenance of ecological processes ensure environmental sustainability

Answer 6

ecological processes refer to the biological, physical and chemical processes that sustain ecological systems

they are crucial in providing ecosystem services such as natural resources and regulating water and air quality and to also ensure that the environment thrives and that the present and future demands of people are met

Question 7

give an example of how stakeholders can ensure environmental sustainability by mantaining ecological processes

Answer 7

stakeholders in tourist destinations regions can work together to minimise deforestatiin

this mantains ecological processes such as transpiration and photosynthesis

ensures ecosystem services are mantained contributing to environmental sustainability

Question 8

how does the conservation of natural heritage and biodiversity ensure environmental sustainability

Answer 8

establishment of national parks enable populations to recover as they are protected from threats such as illegal poaching

governments can better manage tourist numbers and the waste generated in the area

ensures the natural beauty and biodiversity of the area is conserved enabling environmental sustainability

Question 9

who are the 5 stakeholders

Answer 9

governments, international organisations, businesses, local communities and tourists

Question 10

how does the government establishing policies and creating plans ensure std

Answer 10

governments can set up policies or plans that stakeholders may be required to adhere to ensuring minimal damage to the environment while maximising benefits to locals

Question 11

give an example of how the government establishing policies and creating plans ensure std

Answer 11

in sentosa singapore, the authorities bring stakeholders together to develop a series of plans to enable the island to become more sustainable

these plans include conserving sentosas rich heritage, protecting the island’s biodiversity, achieving carbom neutral status by 2030

Question 12

how does the government enforcing regulations ensure std

Answer 12

enforcing regulations on the type of tourist activity such as the number of tourists who can enter is critical to ensure that policies and plans are adhered to

Question 13

give an example of governments enforcing regulations ensuring std

Answer 13

in bhutan, tourists can only enter the country by organising trips with licensed tour operators

they are tasked with ensuring tourists adhere to laws and regulations to minimise the negative impacts of tourism

Question 14

how is the effectiveness of the govt in ensuring std limited by poor enforcement

Answer 14

active enforcement is required for regulations to be effective

governments which lack resources or political influence or face corruption may not be able to ensure that regulations are adhered to hindering sustainable tourism development

Question 15

how is the effectiveness of the government in ensuring std limited by the decision of prioritise economic development

Answer 15

some governments put economic developments first neglecting environmental and social dimensions of sustainability hindering std

Question 16

give an example of how the effectiveness of the government in ensuring std limited by the decision of prioritise economic development

Answer 16

hundreds of tourists wish to scale up mount everest but poor enforcement of waste disposal leads to the mountain becoming increasingly polluted, and tighter regulations have not been enforced by the nepali authorities

if tighter regulations were imposed by nepali authorities, the flow of tourists might be reduced affecting revenue received

Question 17

how do international organisations influence std

Answer 17

they have the knowledge, financial and technical expertise to provide assistance can influence std by

offering consultancy to countries on how std can be achieved, providing financial assistance to different stakeholders and raising public awareness on how they can contribute to std

Question 18

give an example of how international organisations influence std

Answer 18

unesco has introduced the people protecting places programme which provides information for travellers on how to protect unesco world heritage sites

wadi al hitan in egypt saw large tourisy arrivals which threatened the safety of high delicate fossil remains

with the help of unesco, visitors were informed to stay on footpaths while walking to sites, preserving the natural beauty of wadi al hitan

Question 19

how does a lack of understanding of local contexts limit the effectiveness of international organisations in ensuring std

Answer 19

international organisations may comprise members from various countries and backgrounds

they may have different perspectives regarding an issue and may not understand the local contexts of places they work with

locals may not support their actions hindering std

Question 20

how does a lack of funding limit the effectiveness of international organisations in ensuring std

Answer 20

many international organisations tend to be non-profit and it may be challenging to choose projects to provide financial assistance for

without funding, some plans may not be able to be implemented hindering std

Question 21

how do businesses influence std

Answer 21

businesses have an incentive to pursue sustainable tourism as it can keep them profitable as they often have the financial resources to influence std

businesses can influence std by seeking advice from other stakeholders regarding std practices
and participate in decision making for std

Question 22

give an example of businesses influencing sustainable tourism development

Answer 22

quicksilver cruises in australia specialises in tours of the great barrier reef

it works with the planning authorities to promote ecotourism and
a research team of marine biologists to observe and monitor the marine ecosystem, helping planning authorities in managing the great barrier reef

Question 23

how is businesses’ influence on std limited by compromising on sustainable practices to survive

Answer 23

businesses prioritise profits over sustainability which hinders sustainable tourism development by exploiting natural resources and polluting the environment

Question 24

how is businesses’ influence on std limited by their differing understanding and ways of measuring sustainability

Answer 24

businesses may have different understanding of sustainability

they may end up greenwashing - marketing themselves as sustainable when their practices may not be so

Question 25

how do locals influence std by seeking advice from other stakeholders regarding std

Answer 25

locals may not have the necessary knowledge and experience which other stakeholders such as governments, businesses and international organisations have to pursue std

by seeking advice from other stakeholders locals can adopt stp that have been tried and tested

this protects the environment and ensures that sustainable tourism can continue to grow and thrive

Question 26

give an example of how locals seekiny advice from other stakeholders regarding stp influences std

Answer 26

in sg, locals can seek guidance from national environment agency to pursue sustainable tourism practices such as waste management and recycling when hosting events

Question 27

give an example of how locals participating in decision making influences std

Answer 27

with the local knowledge, their involvement in decision making is critical

they can suggest ways to mininise the harmful impacts of tourism such as protecting the flora and fauna in their community

done through community based tourism which prioritises the participation of local community and ensures that the benefits gained from tourism stay with the local community

Question 28

give an example of how locals participating in decision making influences std

Answer 28

with the local knowledge, their involvement in decision making is critical

they can suggest ways to mininise the harmful impacts of tourism such as protecting the flora and fauna in their community

done through community based tourism which prioritises the participation of local community and ensures that the benefits gained from tourism stay with the local community

Question 29

how are tourists effective in influencing std by developing a genuine interest in the tourist destination and seeking to enhance its environment, culture and economy

Answer 29

tourists can choose tours or services which prioritise sustainable tourism or channel their revenue toward env conservation efforts

Question 30

give an example of how tourists are effective in influencing std by developing a genuine interest in the tourist destination and seeking to enhance its environment, culture and economy

Answer 30

at the sea turtle volunteering conservation programme in costa rica, tourists can help care for injured sea turtles and patrol the beaches for sea turtles and their nests to protect them from poachers

Question 31

how are tourists effective in influencing std by interacting responsibly with the environment and people when they travel

Answer 31

tourists can read up on local practices and cultures, and be mindful of their attire or behaviour when travelling as a way to show respect to the local cusgoms and cultures

Question 32

give an example of how tourists are effective in influencing std by interacting responsibly with the environment and people when they travel

Answer 32

in bali indonesia, tourists should be aware that they have to dress modestly when visiting religious sites

Question 33

how does sustainable tourism options that are out of budget limit the tourists’ effectiveness in influencing std

Answer 33

some sustainable options may be more expensive due to costs requires to ensure the tourism experiences are sustainable, such as fees to conserve the environment, and tourists may not be keen to pay these fees

Question 34

how does a lack of information, confusing tourists on the sustainable options available limit the tourists’ effectiveness in influencing std

Answer 34

there are varied ways of understanding sustainable tourism and the ways of measuring it

tourists may be confused about whether a tourist business they engage with or their tourist practices are truly sustainable

Question 35

what are the 3 other challenges faced by stakeholders in influencing sustainable tourism development

Answer 35

stakeholders may have different understandings and measurements if std leading to a conflict of ideas between them, coming to a consensus on std is difficult

stakeholders have differing amounts if control over resources , those with more power and control may have more “say” over the final decision made overriding perspectives of other stakeholders, hindering std

stakeholders have different priorities which can make negotiation challenging
for example, locals may want to limit no of tourists in neighbourhood to minimize congestion but governments may oppose this as it might reduce tourism revenue

there are economic social and/or environmental trade-offs that stakeholders may have to compromise and accept

Question 36

what is ecotourism

Answer 36

ecotourism is a form of sustainable tourism that often takes place in natural areas which are scenic and allows for tourists to experience nature

Question 37

what is the aim of ecotourism

Answer 37

conserve the natural environment while benefitting the local community, thus ensuring environmental, economic and social sustainability

Question 38

how does educating and increasing tourists’ appreciation of nature achieves the aims of ecotourism

Answer 38

tours take place within natural areas for tourists to experience and interact with nature

increasing tourists knowledge and appreciation of nature, encouraging tourists to take action to conserve and minimize damage to the environment

ensuring std

Question 39

how does putting in place measures to minimise the negative impacts the negative impacts of the environment achieves the aims of ecotourism

Answer 39

tourism revenue is channelled into the conservation of the natural environment such as by hiring local park rangers

park rangers ensure laws set up to protect the environment are adhered to

damage to the environment is minimised ensuring environmental sustainability

Question 40

what is hard ecotourism

Answer 40

there is a stronger commitment to environmental conservation

there are a small number of tourists

there are few to no services provided and thus the experience is more challenging

Question 41

give an example of hard ecotourism

Answer 41

a study found that hard ecotourists in Galapagos islands have a higher preference for challenging activities such as hiking

they often plan their own schedule with an accompanying tour guide

their accommodation includes staying in locals’ homes

Question 42

what is soft ecotourism

Answer 42

moderate commitment to environmental conservation

larger number of tourists

services often provided hence experience is more comfortable

supplied by mass-market tour operators

Question 43

give an example of soft ecotourism

Answer 43

soft ecotourists in the Galapagos Islands have a higher preference for less challenging activities such as trail walks

many often rely on travel agencies to plan their entire tour

many prefer to stay in high quality accommodation including cruises

Question 44

how does the uncertainty over the continuity of efforts in conserving nature limit ecotourism

Answer 44

ecotourism does not work when ecotours are overwhelmingly popular with tourists

the presence of many tourists interacting with nature may destroy the environment

there may be a desire to earn profits from ecotourism which may lead to some aims of ecotourism compromised and nature may not be conserved

Question 45

give an example of how the uncertainty over the continuity of efforts in conserving nature limit ecotourism in galapagos

Answer 45

in Galapagos islands where ecotourism is practiced the large increase in the number of tourists has resulted in erosion along some trails, caused disturbance to wildlife and oil spills resulting in water pollution

Question 46

how does the uncertainty over involving local communities limit ecotourism

Answer 46

demand for manpower to meet the needs of tourists may cause some tourism-related businesses to hire non locals

this is especially when locals are not equipped with the skills required and there are no measures to train them

hence the benefit to local communities is not maximised

Question 47

give an example of uncertainty over involving local communities limiting ecotourism

Answer 47

in Kufri, India, it was found that economic leakages occur when locals do not have the necessary skills resulting in jobs going to non locals

Question 48

what is community based tourism

Answer 48

a type of innovative small-scale tourism experience that is managed by local communities

Question 49

what is the aim of cbt

Answer 49

aims to maximise local communities’ involvement in tourism and the benefits to them ensuring economic and social sustainability

Question 50

how does encouraging local community to participate in decision making on tourism development in their community helps achieve the aims of cbt

Answer 50

local communities have greater knowledge on their ESE needs and their decisions can help to ensure these needs are met sustainably

ensures locals continue to support and be involved in the tourism industry and the environmemt continues to thrive and attract tourists ensuring std

Question 51

how does putting in place measures to increase economic benefits to local communities help achieve the aims of cbt

Answer 51

locals are encouraged to innovate, set up businesses and offer tourism experiences to cater to the needs of tourists

this provides employment to locals, benefitting them economically

as locals continue to be apart of and support the tourism industry, std is ensured

Question 52

give an example of how putting in place measures to increase economic benefits to local communities help achieve the aims of cbt

Answer 52

in agricultural tourism, tourists can visit local farms to purchase local produce, and to participate in activities for education and enjoyment purposes such as farming using local techniques, harvesting crops and cooking them

local farmers benefit economically from higher incomes generated

Question 53

how does putting in place measures to increase social benefits to local communities help achieve the aims of cbt

Answer 53

revenue generated from tourism can be directed to community projects such as funding schools and clinics

this improves the social wellbeing of the local community as they receive better education and healthcare

Question 54

how does educating and increasing tourists appreciation of local cultures and protection of the environment help achieve the aims of cbt

Answer 54

this promotes interactions between tourists and locals to develop respect for local cultures and the environment

Question 55

how does loss of culture limit cbt

Answer 55

without sufficient measure, when local communities offer tourism experiences out of their cultures, it may result in commodification, resulting in the loss of authenticity of their cultures

Question 56

give an example of how loss of culture limit cbt

Answer 56

cbt projects in kyrgystan, commodification of local traditions to suit tourists’ preferences has been observed
traditional yurts have been modified such as adding modern furniture. this is meant to increase tourists’ comfort and meet the standards they expect

Question 57

how does competition with large scale tourism developments limit cbt

Answer 57

often, local communities lack some of the necessary skills and finances to further develop the tourism industry

many thus face difficulty in communicating with tourists and may not be able to undertake marketing campaigns in order to compete with other tourism developments

they may lack the finances to start new tourism experiences or tourism-related businesses

large scale tourism developments such as hotel resorts on the other hand have greater finances to undertake marketing campaigns attracting more tourists

Question 58

give an example of competition with large scale tourism developments limit cbt

Answer 58

the thanh ha pottery village in vietnam has been successful in attracting tourists who are keen to learn more about local culture and pottery practices

however it faces competition from other more established pottery villages in Central Vietnam in attracting tourists, especially because they do not have highly skilled pottery artisans

Question 59

what is pro poor tourism

Answer 59

an approach to tourism development that focusses on improving the livelihoods of the poor through training and access to micro finance

Question 60

what is the aim of pro poor tourism

Answer 60

aims at generating net benefits and improving the livelihoods and wellbeing of the poor

Question 61

how does training supports ppt

Answer 61

with training provided, locals will be able to learn new skills which they can then use to gain employment in the tourism sector

Question 62

how does increasing access to micro-finance support ppt

Answer 62

access to micro finance enables the poor to set up businesses thereby benefiting economically from tourism

communication materials may be designed so that locals are able to understand how they can go about applying for micro-finance

Question 63

how does the inability to significantly reduce poverty as compared to direct investment in social services limit ppt

Answer 63

it may be difficult to channel benefits to the poor as compared to if there were some direct investment in social services

the poor may be reluctant to participate in ppt or may lack the skills, finances and knowledge to establish and sustain their businesses

Question 64

give an example of how the inability to significantly reduce poverty as compared to direct investment in social services limit cbt

Answer 64

in abr, iran, ppt has not achieved economic benefits for the locals as many lack self confidence to undergo training provided as they may need to pay a small fee which they refrain from paying as they do not see a bright future for themselves in the tourism industry

Question 65

how does economic benefits being highly unevenly distributed with most of the benefits being channeled to non poor locals

Answer 65

these non poor locals may have greater access to micro financing used to support the local tourism industry as they are seen to be more reliable by banks donors and authorities

the non poor are wealthier and the poor benefit marginally widening the gap between poor and non poor

hence the benefits of ppt may not be substantial enough to significantly improve the lives of the poor