geog book 2 chap 3 Flashcards
what is sustainable tourism development
sustainable tourism development in the tourism industry is achieved when sustainability principles are applied to economic, social and environmental aspects of tourism development
how does the continual provision of environmental opportunities and income growth ensure economic sustainability?
employment provdied by the industry needs to ensurd that locals have stable employment and source of income
skills training should be offered to ensure career progress and income growth for locals in the long run
provides locals who are seasonally employed with a variety of skills to use in off-peak seasons ensuring stable employment and income
how does the increased provision of social services that raise standards of living ensure economic sustainability
tourism revenue can build schools or clinics for locals, enabling them, especially the disadvantaged ones to have access to basic needs raising thsir standards of living
with more education opportunities, locals can seek better employment and income, increasing the standard of living and ensures economic sustainability
how does the respect of authencity of local communities, practices and art forms ensure social sustainability
when the authority of traditional practices and art forms are respected, they continue to be meaningful and significant for locals and tourists, leading to continued practice and preservation by locals ensuring social sustainability
when these practices are disrespected it may cause conflict amongst locals and tourists discouraging tourism
visitor attractions could be sensitively developed to showcase authentic local culture, and tourists can be advised by tour guides on how they must be respectful when interacting with locals
how does contributing to intercultural understanding and tolerance ensure social sustainability
exchanges between tourists and locals should enhance understanding
enabling local cultures to be meaningful for tourists and locals leading to the continued practice and preservation of culture, ensuring social sustainability
a positive experience between tourist and locals and tourists ensure the continuity if such exchanges and attracts more tourists to come
how does the conservation of natural heritage and biodiversity ensure environmental sustainability
establishment of national parks enable populations to recover as they are protected from threats such as illegal poaching
governments can better manage tourist numbers and the waste generated in the area
ensures the natural beauty and biodiversity of the area is conserved enabling environmental sustainability
who are the 5 stakeholders
governments, international organisations, businesses, local communities and tourists
how does the government establishing policies and creating plans ensure std
governments can set up policies or plans that stakeholders may be required to adhere to ensuring minimal damage to the environment while maximising benefits to locals
give an example of how the government establishing policies and creating plans ensure std
in sentosa singapore, the authorities bring stakeholders together to develop a series of plans to enable the island to become more sustainable
these plans include conserving sentosas rich heritage, protecting the island’s biodiversity, achieving carbom neutral status by 2030
how does the government enforcing regulations ensure std
enforcing regulations on the type of tourist activity such as the number of tourists who can enter is critical to ensure that policies and plans are adhered to
give an example of governments enforcing regulations ensuring std
in bhutan, tourists can only enter the country by organising trips with licensed tour operators
they are tasked with ensuring tourists adhere to laws and regulations to minimise the negative impacts of tourism
how is the effectiveness of the govt in ensuring std limited by poor enforcement
active enforcement is required for regulations to be effective
governments which lack resources or political influence or face corruption may not be able to ensure that regulations are adhered to hindering sustainable tourism development
how is the effectiveness of the government in ensuring std limited by the decision of prioritise economic development
some governments put economic developments first neglecting environmental and social dimensions of sustainability hindering std
give an example of how the effectiveness of the government in ensuring std limited by the decision of prioritise economic development
hundreds of tourists wish to scale up mount everest but poor enforcement of waste disposal leads to the mountain becoming increasingly polluted, and tighter regulations have not been enforced by the nepali authorities
if tighter regulations were imposed by nepali authorities, the flow of tourists might be reduced affecting revenue received
how do international organisations influence std
they have the knowledge, financial and technical expertise to provide assistance can influence std by
offering consultancy to countries on how std can be achieved, providing financial assistance to different stakeholders and raising public awareness on how they can contribute to std
give an example of how international organisations influence std
unesco has introduced the people protecting places programme which provides information for travellers on how to protect unesco world heritage sites
wadi al hitan in egypt saw large tourisy arrivals which threatened the safety of high delicate fossil remains
with the help of unesco, visitors were informed to stay on footpaths while walking to sites, preserving the natural beauty of wadi al hitan
how does a lack of understanding of local contexts limit the effectiveness of international organisations in ensuring std
international organisations may comprise members from various countries and backgrounds
they may have different perspectives regarding an issue and may not understand the local contexts of places they work with
locals may not support their actions hindering std
how does a lack of funding limit the effectiveness of international organisations in ensuring std
many international organisations tend to be non-profit and it may be challenging to choose projects to provide financial assistance for
without funding, some plans may not be able to be implemented hindering std
how do businesses influence std
businesses have an incentive to pursue sustainable tourism as it can keep them profitable as they often have the financial resources to influence std
businesses can influence std by seeking advice from other stakeholders regarding std practices
and participate in decision making for std
give an example of businesses influencing sustainable tourism development
quicksilver cruises in australia specialises in tours of the great barrier reef
it works with the planning authorities to promote ecotourism and
a research team of marine biologists to observe and monitor the marine ecosystem, helping planning authorities in managing the great barrier reef
how is businesses’ influence on std limited by compromising on sustainable practices to survive
businesses prioritise profits over sustainability which hinders sustainable tourism development by exploiting natural resources and polluting the environment
how is businesses’ influence on std limited by their differing understanding and ways of measuring sustainability
businesses may have different understanding of sustainability
they may end up greenwashing - marketing themselves as sustainable when their practices may not be so
how do locals influence std by seeking advice from other stakeholders regarding std
locals may not have the necessary knowledge and experience which other stakeholders such as governments, businesses and international organisations have to pursue std
by seeking advice from other stakeholders locals can adopt stp that have been tried and tested
this protects the environment and ensures that sustainable tourism can continue to grow and thrive
give an example of how locals seekiny advice from other stakeholders regarding stp influences std
in sg, locals can seek guidance from national environment agency to pursue sustainable tourism practices such as waste management and recycling when hosting events
give an example of how locals participating in decision making influences std
with the local knowledge, their involvement in decision making is critical
they can suggest ways to mininise the harmful impacts of tourism such as protecting the flora and fauna in their community
done through community based tourism which prioritises the participation of local community and ensures that the benefits gained from tourism stay with the local community
give an example of how locals participating in decision making influences std
with the local knowledge, their involvement in decision making is critical
they can suggest ways to mininise the harmful impacts of tourism such as protecting the flora and fauna in their community
done through community based tourism which prioritises the participation of local community and ensures that the benefits gained from tourism stay with the local community
how are tourists effective in influencing std by developing a genuine interest in the tourist destination and seeking to enhance its environment, culture and economy
tourists can choose tours or services which prioritise sustainable tourism or channel their revenue toward env conservation efforts
give an example of how tourists are effective in influencing std by developing a genuine interest in the tourist destination and seeking to enhance its environment, culture and economy
at the sea turtle volunteering conservation programme in costa rica, tourists can help care for injured sea turtles and patrol the beaches for sea turtles and their nests to protect them from poachers
how are tourists effective in influencing std by interacting responsibly with the environment and people when they travel
tourists can read up on local practices and cultures, and be mindful of their attire or behaviour when travelling as a way to show respect to the local cusgoms and cultures
give an example of how tourists are effective in influencing std by interacting responsibly with the environment and people when they travel
in bali indonesia, tourists should be aware that they have to dress modestly when visiting religious sites
how does sustainable tourism options that are out of budget limit the tourists’ effectiveness in influencing std
some sustainable options may be more expensive due to costs requires to ensure the tourism experiences are sustainable, such as fees to conserve the environment, and tourists may not be keen to pay these fees
how does a lack of information, confusing tourists on the sustainable options available limit the tourists’ effectiveness in influencing std
there are varied ways of understanding sustainable tourism and the ways of measuring it
tourists may be confused about whether a tourist business they engage with or their tourist practices are truly sustainable
what are the 3 other challenges faced by stakeholders in influencing sustainable tourism development
stakeholders may have different understandings and measurements if std leading to a conflict of ideas between them, coming to a consensus on std is difficult
stakeholders have differing amounts if control over resources , those with more power and control may have more “say” over the final decision made overriding perspectives of other stakeholders, hindering std
stakeholders have different priorities which can make negotiation challenging
for example, locals may want to limit no of tourists in neighbourhood to minimize congestion but governments may oppose this as it might reduce tourism revenue
there are economic social and/or environmental trade-offs that stakeholders may have to compromise and accept
what is ecotourism
ecotourism is a form of sustainable tourism that often takes place in natural areas which are scenic and allows for tourists to experience nature
what is the aim of ecotourism
conserve the natural environment while benefitting the local community, thus ensuring environmental, economic and social sustainability
how does educating and increasing tourists’ appreciation of nature achieves the aims of ecotourism
tours take place within natural areas for tourists to experience and interact with nature
increasing tourists knowledge and appreciation of nature, encouraging tourists to take action to conserve and minimize damage to the environment
ensuring std
how does putting in place measures to minimise the negative impacts the negative impacts of the environment achieves the aims of ecotourism
tourism revenue is channelled into the conservation of the natural environment such as by hiring local park rangers
park rangers ensure laws set up to protect the environment are adhered to
damage to the environment is minimised ensuring environmental sustainability
what is hard ecotourism
there is a stronger commitment to environmental conservation
there are a small number of tourists
there are few to no services provided and thus the experience is more challenging
give an example of hard ecotourism
a study found that hard ecotourists in Galapagos islands have a higher preference for challenging activities such as hiking
they often plan their own schedule with an accompanying tour guide
their accommodation includes staying in locals’ homes
what is soft ecotourism
moderate commitment to environmental conservation
larger number of tourists
services often provided hence experience is more comfortable
supplied by mass-market tour operators
give an example of soft ecotourism
soft ecotourists in the Galapagos Islands have a higher preference for less challenging activities such as trail walks
many often rely on travel agencies to plan their entire tour
many prefer to stay in high quality accommodation including cruises
how does the uncertainty over the continuity of efforts in conserving nature limit ecotourism
ecotourism does not work when ecotours are overwhelmingly popular with tourists
the presence of many tourists interacting with nature may destroy the environment
there may be a desire to earn profits from ecotourism which may lead to some aims of ecotourism compromised and nature may not be conserved
give an example of how the uncertainty over the continuity of efforts in conserving nature limit ecotourism in galapagos
in Galapagos islands where ecotourism is practiced the large increase in the number of tourists has resulted in erosion along some trails, caused disturbance to wildlife and oil spills resulting in water pollution
how does the uncertainty over involving local communities limit ecotourism
demand for manpower to meet the needs of tourists may cause some tourism-related businesses to hire non locals
this is especially when locals are not equipped with the skills required and there are no measures to train them
hence the benefit to local communities is not maximised
give an example of uncertainty over involving local communities limiting ecotourism
in Kufri, India, it was found that economic leakages occur when locals do not have the necessary skills resulting in jobs going to non locals
what is community based tourism
a type of innovative small-scale tourism experience that is managed by local communities
what is the aim of cbt
aims to maximise local communities’ involvement in tourism and the benefits to them ensuring economic and social sustainability
how does encouraging local community to participate in decision making on tourism development in their community helps achieve the aims of cbt
local communities have greater knowledge on their ESE needs and their decisions can help to ensure these needs are met sustainably
ensures locals continue to support and be involved in the tourism industry and the environmemt continues to thrive and attract tourists ensuring std
how does putting in place measures to increase economic benefits to local communities help achieve the aims of cbt
locals are encouraged to innovate, set up businesses and offer tourism experiences to cater to the needs of tourists
this provides employment to locals, benefitting them economically
as locals continue to be apart of and support the tourism industry, std is ensured
give an example of how putting in place measures to increase economic benefits to local communities help achieve the aims of cbt
in agricultural tourism, tourists can visit local farms to purchase local produce, and to participate in activities for education and enjoyment purposes such as farming using local techniques, harvesting crops and cooking them
local farmers benefit economically from higher incomes generated
how does putting in place measures to increase social benefits to local communities help achieve the aims of cbt
revenue generated from tourism can be directed to community projects such as funding schools and clinics
this improves the social wellbeing of the local community as they receive better education and healthcare
how does educating and increasing tourists appreciation of local cultures and protection of the environment help achieve the aims of cbt
this promotes interactions between tourists and locals to develop respect for local cultures and the environment
how does loss of culture limit cbt
without sufficient measure, when local communities offer tourism experiences out of their cultures, it may result in commodification, resulting in the loss of authenticity of their cultures
give an example of how loss of culture limit cbt
cbt projects in kyrgystan, commodification of local traditions to suit tourists’ preferences has been observed
traditional yurts have been modified such as adding modern furniture. this is meant to increase tourists’ comfort and meet the standards they expect
how does competition with large scale tourism developments limit cbt
often, local communities lack some of the necessary skills and finances to further develop the tourism industry
many thus face difficulty in communicating with tourists and may not be able to undertake marketing campaigns in order to compete with other tourism developments
they may lack the finances to start new tourism experiences or tourism-related businesses
large scale tourism developments such as hotel resorts on the other hand have greater finances to undertake marketing campaigns attracting more tourists
give an example of competition with large scale tourism developments limit cbt
the thanh ha pottery village in vietnam has been successful in attracting tourists who are keen to learn more about local culture and pottery practices
however it faces competition from other more established pottery villages in Central Vietnam in attracting tourists, especially because they do not have highly skilled pottery artisans
what is pro poor tourism
an approach to tourism development that focusses on improving the livelihoods of the poor through training and access to micro finance
what is the aim of pro poor tourism
aims at generating net benefits and improving the livelihoods and wellbeing of the poor
how does training supports ppt
with training provided, locals will be able to learn new skills which they can then use to gain employment in the tourism sector
how does increasing access to micro-finance support ppt
access to micro finance enables the poor to set up businesses thereby benefiting economically from tourism
communication materials may be designed so that locals are able to understand how they can go about applying for micro-finance
how does the inability to significantly reduce poverty as compared to direct investment in social services limit ppt
it may be difficult to channel benefits to the poor as compared to if there were some direct investment in social services
the poor may be reluctant to participate in ppt or may lack the skills, finances and knowledge to establish and sustain their businesses
give an example of how the inability to significantly reduce poverty as compared to direct investment in social services limit cbt
in abr, iran, ppt has not achieved economic benefits for the locals as many lack self confidence to undergo training provided as they may need to pay a small fee which they refrain from paying as they do not see a bright future for themselves in the tourism industry
how does economic benefits being highly unevenly distributed with most of the benefits being channeled to non poor locals
these non poor locals may have greater access to micro financing used to support the local tourism industry as they are seen to be more reliable by banks donors and authorities
the non poor are wealthier and the poor benefit marginally widening the gap between poor and non poor
hence the benefits of ppt may not be substantial enough to significantly improve the lives of the poor
