geog bk 1 chap 3

Question 1

what are the 5 stages if fieldwork

Answer 1

craft research question or hypothesis
collection of data
analysis of data
presentation of findings
conclusion evaluation

Question 2

what is primary data and give an example

Answer 2

data that is collected first hand eg responses from closed- ended questionnaire surveys administered by fieldwork researchers

Question 3

what is secondary data

Answer 3

data that is collected by someone else

Question 4

what is quantitative data and give an example

Answer 4

data that can be quantified and measured

responses from closed-ended questionnaire surveys

Question 5

what is qualitative data and give an example

Answer 5

data that is not easily measurable and are subjective in nature

responses to open ended questions

Question 6

why do people collect quantitative data before qualitative data

Answer 6

quantitative data is used to identify patterns and trends

qualitative data is collected to examine the patterns and trends observed

Question 7

why do people collect qualitative data before quantitative data

Answer 7

qualitative data is collected to make observations
quantitative data is collected to verify the observations

Question 8

what are the risks in fieldwork and the mitigation measures

Answer 8

falls cuts, minor injuries
- wear proper footwear and clothing
- take note of potential hazards

accidents
- take note of local traffic hazards and road crossing procedures
- avoid collecting data on the road or in the path of cyclists

Question 9

what is probability sampling

Answer 9

samples are randomly selected without the researcher’s conscious decision
done by using random number generator or die

used to collect a more representative sample

Question 10

what are the advantages of probability sampling

Answer 10

removes bias that may come from the choices made by the researcher
has a greater chance of creating a representative sample

Question 11

what is non probability

Answer 11

samples are non randomly selected often usinf the researcher’s conscious decision, often subjective.

used when it is unnecessary or impractical to select a representative sample such as interviews and questionnaires, and there is time limitation

Question 12

what are the disadvantages of non probability sampling

Answer 12

tends to be biased and not representative as they are subjectively selected making it hard to make generalisations about the population

Question 13

what are the 3 rating scale qns in questionnaires

Answer 13

likert scales - eg excellent to extremely poor

frequency scales - eg more than 3 times to not at all

ranking scale - eg 1-4