Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 12 > Geo water > Flashcards

Geo water Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cryosphere?

A

The cryosphere contains the frozen water storage of Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is water stored in the atmosphere?

A

water vapour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

Water is absorbed by plants and stored for growth and development. Additionally, animals may drink water and also store it in them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hydrosphere water storage % on Earth?

A

Hydrosphere storage accounts for 96.5% of all water on earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cryosphere storage accounts for … of all water on earth

A

2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atmospheric storage accounts for … of all water on earth

A

0.001%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lithosphere storage accounts for … of all water on earth

A

1.7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Residence time ocean waters?

A

3,600 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ice caps residence time?

A

15,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

atmospheric moisture residence time?

A

10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

soil moisture residence time?

A

2-50 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Drainage basin?

A

Drainage basins refer to the area of land drained by a major river and its tributaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Confluence?

A

A confluence occurs when two or more flowing bodies of water join together to form a single channel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Water budget?

A

The water budget is the annual balance between precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

orographic rainfall?

A

produced when moist air is lifted as it moves over a mountain range.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Frontal rainfall?

A

Frontal precipitation results when the leading edge of a warm, moist air mass meets a cool & dry air mass. (Atlantic & Canada)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Convecntional rainfall?

A

when the energy of the sun heats the surface of the Earth, causing water to evaporate. (tropical areas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is infiltration affected?

A

Cool temps so less evaporation

Soil has to be porous and premeable

Rough texture

Gentle slope / flat

less runoff, more infiltration

Vegetation

More vegetation = more infiltration due to interception which slows precipitation

Roots break up soil, so more porous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is through fall affected?

A

porous and permeable soil will have more infiltration so more water in soil to move

Relief, the steeper the more likely it is to happen as it has less time to infiltrate

Vegetation, more infiltration

20
Q

Interception how is it affected?

A

Vegetation, if trees capture the water, they slow down the rate of water falling into the soil

21
Q

Transpiration how is it affected?

A

Vegetation, if trees capture the water, they slow down the rate of water falling into the soil

22
Q

Physical factors that affect inputs, outputs & flows?

A
  • climate
  • soils
  • geology
  • relief
  • vegetation
23
Q

How do humans disrupt the drainage basin?

A
  1. cloud seeding
  2. urbanisation
  3. dams
  4. ground water abstraction
24
Q

Amazon rainforest deforestation statistic?

A

+700,000 km2 an area the size of two Germany’s

25
Q

How many people have untreated water?

A

+800 M

26
Q

How many children die a day because of Diarrhea?

A

4,000 children

27
Q

Case Study - South-North China Water Transfer is an example of what type of engineering?

A

Hard engineering

28
Q

Case Study - South-North China Water Transfer

A
  • began 2003
  • will last 50 years
  • cost 100 bn USD
  • 1,300km of canals
  • links Yagtze & Yellow rivers (+trubutaries)
29
Q

Case Study - South-North China Water Transfer number of people transferred?

A

+ 300,000

30
Q

Case Study - South-North China Water Transfer concerns?

A

ecological and environmental impact along waterways

31
Q

Case study: Israel Desalination advantages?

A
  • Reliable & predictable water supply
  • Provides 80% of domestic water supplies
  • By 2013, 5 plants opened using Mediterranean seawater
  • They produce 600 billion litres of drinkable sea water a year
32
Q

Case study: Israel Desalination disadvantages?

A

CO2 emissions (but increasingly using solar energy)

Ecosystem damage ( due to quality of waste water dumped)

33
Q

In what conditions might water schemes be best?

5

A
  • climate
  • size of country
  • size of pop
  • geography (open space vs mountainous)
  • cost $
34
Q

How do “Magic stones work”?

A

Stone line slows runoff & encorugaes infiltation
Water & nutrients seep into soil

suitable for developing countries

35
Q

Case study of water conservation in agriculture: “Magic stones” in the Sahel:

A
  • 1/3 of a million hectares of land in Burkina Faso have been reclaimed
  • low tech/ unskilled
  • sustainable + community cooperation
  • inexpensive
  • Started 1980s; Still in place
36
Q

Case study of water conservation by recycling water: “Toilet to Tap” in Singapore

A
  • Singapore only 710 km2 => little water stores or space for collection
  • NEWater Recycled using advanced membrane technologies & UV disinfection
  • Currently can meet 30% of need, 55% by 2060)
37
Q

Case study of water conservation by recycling water: “Toilet to Tap” in Singapore pros?

A

Clean water produced for industry & other water-intensive processes

Waste management

Accelerates the natural filtration process & provides a new water source

38
Q

Case study of water conservation by recycling water: “Toilet to Tap” in Singapore cons?

A

Energy intensive

Expensive & technologically-driven process

Public approval may be an issue

39
Q

Nile Basin Initiative-NBI members:

A

Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania Burundi, Rwanda

40
Q

NBI year established?

A

1999

41
Q

When did Ethiopia start constructing Grand Renaissance dam?

A

2011

42
Q

What is the significance of the Grand Renaissance dam?

A

threatened Sudans & Egypts water supply destabilising peace in the region

43
Q

Grand Renaissance dam ending?

A

2015 agreement achieved between Egypt, Sudan & Ethiopia in cooperating Nile’s management

44
Q

Colorado River importance?

A
  • supplies water to 8 states
  • 50M Americans depend on it
  • contains 11 major dams
  • Controlling flooding & providing HEP
45
Q

How much does Pakistan rely on the Indus for drinking water?

A

80% of water consumed comes from the Indus

46
Q

How long is the Amazon?

A

7,000km

47
Q

how many fresh litres of Amazon water enter the Atlantic every second?

A

200,000 litres

Year 12 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions