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Year 12 > Britain History > Flashcards

Britain History Flashcards

1
Q

Before 1832 % of pop electorate?

A

5% pop could vote

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2
Q

Corrupt Practices Act?

A

1883

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3
Q

Redistribution Act?

A

1885

One seat per constituency

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4
Q

After 1884 % adult males that could vote?

A

80% men qualified for voting

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5
Q

Henry VI 1430 voting qualification that remained unchanged for 400years?

A

Vote to all freeholders of property worth £2 per year.

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6
Q

Rotten borough example?

A

Old Sarum with only 7 elecotors

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7
Q

1918 Reform Act voter increase?

A

TRIPLED

7 million to 21 million

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8
Q

When was the Glasgow rent strike?

A

1915

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9
Q

When was the General Strike?

A

1926

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10
Q

When was the ILP formed?

A

1893

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11
Q

When is the Liberal Party formed?

A

1859

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12
Q

When is the 2nd Chartist Petition presented to Parliament?

A

1842

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13
Q

When was Habeas corpus suspended?

A

1794

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14
Q

When was Trade Disputes Acts passed?

A

1927

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15
Q

When was the Chartist National Convention held?

A

1839

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16
Q

When was the First Chartist Petition presented?

A

1839

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17
Q

When was the Parliament Act passed?

A

1911

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18
Q

When were the Corn Laws abolished?

A

1846

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19
Q

Swing Riots 1830?

A

riots in protest of poor harvests & intro of machinery

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20
Q

Govt response to Swing Riots?

A
  • suppressed 1831
  • 19 men executed
  • 1,000 men transported or imprisoned
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21
Q

Adullamite?

A

anti-reform faction within Liberal Party before 2nd Reform Act

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22
Q

Second Reform Act increased electorate by how much?

A

1.2M => 2M

1 in 3 adult men had vote

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23
Q

Which was renowned as a corrupt borough, as its voters sold their votes to highest bidder?

A

Sudbury

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24
Q

Name 2 Rotten Boroughs?

A

Dunwich

Old Sarum

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25
Q

Who could vote in the counties?

A

Any freeholder of property worth £2 a year

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26
Q

What was the estimated size of electorate in England & Wales in c.1780, out of a population of 8 million?

A

about 200,000

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27
Q

Which were not represented at all before 1832?

A

Liverpool & Manchester

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28
Q

DEMANDS FOR REFORM PRIOR TO 1832?

A
  1. enlightenment values
  2. rise of reform groups eg. LCS
  3. Unrest after N Wars
  4. opposition to Corn Laws
  5. agricultural distress
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29
Q

In what year did the Whigs win the election and form a new government under Earl Grey?

A

1831

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30
Q

What immediately followed the 1867 Reform Act in 1868, proving that further reform was supported by the people?

A

Landslide victory of Gladstone and Liberal Party in election

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31
Q

What did Gladstone introduce in 1872 and 1883 respectively?

A

Ballot Act

&

Corrupt Practices Act

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32
Q

How many women enfranchised in 1918?

A

8M

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33
Q

Why was the reign of George III (king from 1760 to 1820) somewhat unstable?

A

Unlike predecessors, wanted more active role in govt.

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34
Q

How did the informal system of ‘Deference’ benefit the aristocracy?

A

People living in the counties expected to vote for local aristocrat or his family

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35
Q

Burke’s Civil List Act, 1782?

A

Abolishing +130 sinecures & royal positions

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36
Q

Whig determined to decrease royal influence & make HofC more powerful?

A

Edmund Burke

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37
Q

Tory PM committed to expanding democracy by allowing sinecures to lapse

A

William Pitt

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38
Q

Proposed abolishing of rotten boroughs and transfer of seats from counties to boroughs

A

Pitt’s Failed Reforms

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39
Q

Growing body of politicians seeking to limit king’s influence in 1780s?

A

Petitioning Movement

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40
Q

When King William IV attempted to dissolve Lord Melbourne’s Whig government in 1834, what was result?

A

Whigs simply form another government after another election victory

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41
Q

What was the main effect of the 1884 Reform Act and 1885 Redistribution Act on the aristocracy?

A

Enfranchising of WC means they’re hugely outnumbered in electorate

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42
Q

Corrupt Practices Act clamps down on electoral bribery & corruption year?

A

1883

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43
Q

Removal of Property Qualification for MPs?

A

1858

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44
Q

Introduction of Death Duties, Britain’s first inheritance tax?

A

1894

reduces aristocratic power

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45
Q

What was the result of this constitutional crisis?

1909-1911

A

Parliament Act made it impossible for Lords to permanently block Commons’ bills

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46
Q

Which part of the Parliament Act in 1911 further eroded the power of the aristocracy?

A

Payment of MPs

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47
Q

What were the effects of 1918 & 1928 Reform Acts on aristocracy, HofL and monarchy?

A

Enfranchising of millions more further erodes their power

48
Q

Disagreement over Corn Law splits party into Peelites & Conservatives?

A

1846

49
Q

Effects of Reform Act and enfranchising of working classes sees rise of pro-Labour Liberal politicians (Lib-Labs) years?

A

1884

50
Q

Which was the precursor organisation to the LCS?

A

SCI

51
Q

When did Major Cartwright form his Society for Constitutional Information?

A

1780

52
Q

What was the main method of the corresponding societies?

A

Spread ideas through printed pamphlets

53
Q

Complete the sentence: Middle class industrialists comprised most of the membership of the ______. ?

A

SCI

54
Q

Which counter-movement was supported by the Government?

A

The Association Movement

55
Q

Who was Thomas Hardy?

A

Founder of the LCS

56
Q

How did the LCS ensure large membership & participation?

A

Low subscription fees

57
Q

What was the size of the LCS at its largest?

A

5,000

58
Q

Why did the government fear the LCS so much?

A

They exaggerated threat & size of organisation

59
Q

Which event were Spenceans most involved in?

A

Spa Fields Meeting, 1816

60
Q

Who were the Blanketeers 1817?

A

Textile workers who tried to march on London in protest

61
Q

Which Agent Provocateur played a role in the Pentridge Rising?

A

Oliver

62
Q

What happened to the perpetrators of the Pentridge Rising?

A

3 hanged & beheaded & 14 transported

63
Q

Of which influential radical publication was Edward Baines the editor?

A

Leeds Mercury

64
Q

How many died in the Peterloo massacre 1819?

A

11

+

400 injured

65
Q

How many attended St Peter’s Field on 16th August 1819?

A

60,000

66
Q

At which two events did Henry Hunt address the crowd?

A

Spa Fields & Peterloo

67
Q

How many attended the Spa Fields meeting, and when was it?

A

10,000, 1816

68
Q

How many children were being educated in Sunday Schools by 1820?

A

500,000

69
Q

What did the Combination Acts of 1799 and 1800 target?

A

Trade Unions

70
Q

What was the result of the trial of the leaders of the SCI and LCS in 1794?

A

All were acquitted

being free

71
Q

Who founded the first Hampden Club in 1812?

A

John Cartwright

72
Q

The first edition of Cobbett’s single-sheet ‘Political Register’ circulated how many copies altogether in 1817?

A

200,000

73
Q

When was the People’s Charter approved?

A

1838

74
Q

Who set up the LWMA?

chartism

A

William Lovett

75
Q

LWMA?

A

London’s Working Men’s Association

76
Q

What was the more radical wing of the LWMA, set up in 1837?

A

East London Democratic Organisation

77
Q

Why did the BPU enjoy a massive surge in popularity towards the late 1830s?

A

economic depression

78
Q

Why did Feargus O’Connor turn to radical politics?

A

Anger at dismissal as MP due to failure to meet property qualification

79
Q

What was the circulation of the Northern Star by 1839?

A

Approx 50,000

80
Q

Why is the Glasgow Meeting of May 1838 important?

A

Bringing together of the LWMA and the BPU

81
Q

What happened at the Birmingham Meeting of August 1838?

A

People’s Charter formally adopted

82
Q

What happened at the Kersal Moor meeting of September 1838?

A

Crowd of 50,000 meet to elect delegates to a National Convention

83
Q

What were the consequences of the Newport Rising?

A

Galvanised govt determination to resist Chartists

84
Q

What caused the move to introduce a second national petition in 1842?

A

Economic Depression

85
Q

How many signatures did the Second National Petition contain?

A

3.3 million

86
Q

Why was the meeting at Kennington Common 1848 considered a failure?

A

Only 25,000 turned up

87
Q

What was the membership of the National Charter Association by 1842?

A

70,000

88
Q

Why did O’Connor denounce Lovett’s ‘National Association Promoting the Political and Social Improvement of the People’?

A

He felt it would distract people from the Charter and its political objectives

89
Q

How many families were resettled under the Land Plan?

A

250

90
Q

The formation of which organisation in 1845 contributed to the growing weakness of Chartism?

A

National Association of Trade Unions

91
Q

Which middle class organisations failed to agree on a programme of joint action with Chartism?

A

Anti-Corn Law League

92
Q

Why did Chartism struggle to maintain the support of trade unions and societies?

A

It was a political organisation more than an economic one

93
Q

When were the Metropolitan Police Act and the Rural Police Act passed?

A

1829 and 1839

94
Q

Which actions by the government reduced the threat of the Chartists in the 1840s?

A

More reforms by Peel’s Conservative government

95
Q

Why was Charles Napier so instrumental in countering the threat of Chartism from 1839-41?

A

He sought not to confront Chartists when possible

96
Q

How many miles of railway lines did Britain boast by 1850?

A

5,000

97
Q

MIF reasons for Chartism?

A

. Economic conditions (depression)

. Anger at Whig govt

. discontent after 1832

. growth & organisation of pro-reform groups

98
Q

When was the Poor Law Amendment Act?

A

1834

99
Q

When was the Factory Act?

A

1833

govt. ignored working conditions
no limit of 10+ hours

100
Q

How many troops deployed north because of Chartism threat?

A

6,000

101
Q

By 1842 how many people been put on trial to Chartism related-offences?

A

1,500

102
Q

One way of describing govt action to Chartism?

A

effective, swift and pragmatic

103
Q

NCA?

A

National Charter Association

est. 1840

104
Q

By 1842 NCA members?

A

50,000 & 400 branches across Britain

105
Q

when was the ‘Plug’ Strikes & riots?

A

August 1842, after 2nd petition rejected

106
Q

1848 how many people subscribed to Land Plan?

A

100,000 subscribed

107
Q

When was O’Connor elected as MP?

A

1847

Chartism success

108
Q

MIF Chartism failure?

A
  1. power of state
  2. changing econ conditions
  3. divisions in leadership
  4. splintering support
109
Q

CP Chartism

SUCCESS vs FAILURE

A
  1. Accomplish target? Charter + Corn Law
  2. methods & leadership: newspapers + mass movement
  3. support of masses: petitions
  4. legacy: Sunday schools + respectable WC
110
Q

What were the criticisms of the 1867 Reform Act?

A

Corruption; open ballot, bribery etc continued

Rural areas still overrepresented compared to urban areas: eg. southwest England had 45 MPs but northeast with X3 pop. only 32

111
Q

Why were many disappointed & disillusioned by the 1832 Reform Act?

A

Didn’t enfranchise enough MC

It actually benefitted & strengthened aristocracy

It tried to preserve as much of the old system as possible

112
Q

What were consequences of the Redistribution Act of 1885?

A

Development of ‘Villa Toryism’

For first time, MPs from WC & MC started to outnumber aristocratic

British politics dominated by class instead of specific interests

113
Q

MIF reasons for Parliamentary reform 1780-1928?

A
  1. Pressure form those excluded
  2. foreign influences
  3. Politicians & political parties duet to changing society, economy & voting system
114
Q

CP power of aristocracy?

A
  1. 1780-1832
  2. 1832-1867
  3. 1884: 1872 & 1883
  4. 1911 + 1918 & 1928
115
Q

In 1925 how much of British coal export was by coal cutting machines?

A

only 20% the rest was handpicked

116
Q

Keynes estimated that Churchill had overvalued the pound by?

A

10% by introducing the gold standard

Year 12 (7 decks)

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