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Year 12 > CHINA Alevel > Flashcards

CHINA Alevel Flashcards

1
Q

Sources things to include?

A 
Provinence
Content
Knowledge
Limitation
Together
Conclusion
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2
Q

Number of LittleRedBook copies?

A

750 million copies

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3
Q

How many CC members purged during Cultural Revolution?

A

2/3 of CC members purged

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4
Q

Purging of Regional party secretaries during Cultural Revolution?

A

2/3 Regional Party Secretaries purged

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5
Q

Production levels in China during Cultural Revolution?

A

Production decreased 13% in 1967

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6
Q

Cultural destruction during Cultural Revolution?

A

Over 7 million books lost or destroyed

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7
Q

Important cultural place destroyed during Cultural Revolution?

A

Confucius Shangdong Temple

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8
Q

Great Leap Forward dates?

A

1958-1962

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9
Q

When does Mao proclaim the People’s Republic of China (PRC)?

A

October 1949

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10
Q

Chinese Civil War dates?

A

1946-1949

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11
Q

Last Chinese imperial dynasty?

A

Qing dynasty

1644-1911

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12
Q

Korean War dates?

A

October 1950 - July 1953

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13
Q

Campaign launched March 1950?

A

Campaign to Suppress Counter-Revolutionary Campaign

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14
Q

Chinese Atomic bomb development?

A

First successful test 1964

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15
Q

When are communes formed?

A

1958

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16
Q

Important treaty February 1950?

A

Sino-Soviet Mutual Assistance Treaty 1950

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17
Q

Great Leap Forward famine numbers?

A

~40million people starved

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18
Q

What happened during 1962-1965?

A

Liu & Deng economic reform

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19
Q

Factory output levels 1949?

A

44% below 1937 level

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20
Q

Railway destruction by 1949?

A

Half railway network destroyed

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21
Q

1949 CCP members?

A

4.5 million

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22
Q

Number CCP increase 1949-1952?

A

3 million

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23
Q

1950 Shanghai’s industrial workers still in private enterprises?

A

75%

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24
Q

What happened in September 1949?

A

Chinese People’s Consultative Conference meets to outline future political system

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25
Q

What is the CPPCC?

A

Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

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26
Q

When does terror against rivals begin?

A

1950

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27
Q

When is the

‘Three antis campaign’

Launched?

A

1951

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28
Q

When is the

‘Five antis-campaign’

Launched?

A

1952

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29
Q

When did Chiang flee to Taiwan?

A

December 1949

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30
Q

From whom did the Communists gain support during the War?

A

Peasantry

Respected land & didn’t loot

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31
Q

What was the United Front?

A

GMD & CCP alliance to defeat Japan in 1937.

Common enemy

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32
Q

% of peasants to pop

A

80% pop= peasants

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33
Q

What was the state of China’s currency by 1949?

A

HYPERINFLATION

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34
Q

In 1949 inflation rate stood at…

A

1000%

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35
Q

War with Japan deaths?

A

20 million

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36
Q

What was the Common Program?

A

New constitution by CPPCC.

Updated in 1954

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37
Q

Common Program gave PLA & police right to…

A

Suppress all counter-revolutionary activity

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38
Q

1954 Constitution?

A

China officially confirmed Communist.

CCP gained all legal control.

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39
Q

Leader of PLA 1950s?

A

Peng Dehuai

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40
Q

PLA power 1950?

A

5 million strong

40% State budget

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41
Q

Mao’s main ideas?

A
  • Nationalism
  • Continuing Revolution
  • Mass/active mobilisation
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42
Q

PLA annual conscription?

A

800,000 young men

3 year term

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43
Q

Reunification campaigns

1949-1950?

A
  • Guangdong
  • Xinjiang
  • Tibet
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44
Q

Main ethnic group China?

A

Han

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45
Q

Forced labour camps?

A

Laogai

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46
Q

Number of Laogai prisoners 1953?

A

2 million

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47
Q

Laogai network economic gain?

A
  • 700 million yuan in industrial products annually

* 350,000 tonnes of grain annually

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48
Q

What was the

Three Antis Campaign ?

A

Mao called for ‘big clean up throughout Party’ 1951

  • corruption
  • waste
  • obstructionist bureaucracy in government
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49
Q

What was the

Five Antis Campaign

?

A

Remove possible opponents & seize control economic assets

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50
Q

What did the

Five Antis Campaign target?

A
  • bribery
  • tax evasion
  • theft of state property
  • cheating government contracts
  • stealing state economic information
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51
Q

What percentage of Shanghai’s businessmen were found guilty of ‘five poisons’?

A

99%

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52
Q

What was the

Hundred Flowers Campaign?

A

Allowed intellectuals to criticise Mao to later be purged.

1956

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53
Q

How many intellectuals sent to laogai during

Anti Rightist Campaign?

A

+500,000

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54
Q

Chinese deaths Korean War?

A

400,000 soldiers

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55
Q

What was the 1950 Agrarian Reform Law?

A

Redistribute land to the peasants

56
Q

By what year had all businesses been nationalised?

C

A

1956

57
Q

How many Landlords killed by land redistribution?

A

Roughly 2 million

58
Q

1951 first step towards collectivisation…?

A

Mutual Aid Teams

Grouping families together

59
Q

Second step towards collectivisation? 1952

A

(Voluntary)

Agricultural Producers Co-operatives

60
Q

MAT’s??

A

Mutual Aid Teams

61
Q

When were MAT’s set up?

A

1951

62
Q

APC’s

A

Agricultural Production Co-operatives

63
Q

When are APC’s set up?

A

1952

64
Q

How many families in a APC?

A

40 families

65
Q

First FYP?

C

A

1953

66
Q

When were HAPC’s formed?

A

1955

67
Q

Number of families HAPC’s?

A

+200 families

68
Q

Percentage of farmers collectivised 1956?

A

90%

69
Q

When were the communes set up?

A

1958

70
Q

Name of first commune?

A

Sputnik Commune

71
Q

Number of communes set up?

A

26,000

72
Q

How many households in a Commune?

A

5000+

73
Q

Deaths of famine GLF?

A

Up to 40 million deaths

74
Q

Four pests campaign 1958?

A

Attacked:

Sparrows, rats, flies, mosquitoes

75
Q

4 reasons for famine GLP?

A

1) inherent problems with system
2) Lysenko farming techniques
3) backyard furnaces manpower
4) Flooding/ draught

76
Q

Coal production first FYP?

A

90% increase

77
Q

Steel production first FYP?

C

A

300% increase

78
Q

Electric power production first FYP?

A

160% increase

79
Q

When was the Second FYP?

A

1958-1962

80
Q

What is the Second FYP referred as?

A

Great Leap Forward

81
Q

Industrial production increase First FYP?

C

A

18% increase

82
Q

‘Walking on two legs’

?

A

Increase

Agriculture & Industry

At the same time

83
Q

1962 industrial production decrease to pre- GLF levels?

A

40%

84
Q

Number of pigs 1962 compared to pre-GLF levels?

A

Halved

85
Q

Lushan Conference year?

A

1959

86
Q

What was the Lushan Conference?

A

Party meeting about the second FYP

87
Q

Why was Peng Dehuai imprisoned & tortured?

A

Writing a letter to Mao about the famine situation

88
Q

When did Lin Biao replace Peng as Defence Minister?

A

1959

89
Q

How many major plants were to be built in the first FYP?

A

700 major plants

90
Q

How many major plants were supplied by the Soviet Union in the first FYP?

A

150

91
Q

How many Chinese sent to Soviet Union for training?

A

28,000

92
Q

How many Soviet advisers sent to China?

A

11,000

93
Q

Who was Liu Shaoqi?

A
  • deputy chairman of CCP
  • 2nd in Politburo
  • died 1969 denied medical treatment after tourture
94
Q

Who was Zhou Enlai

A
  • Prime Minister
  • Foreign Minister
  • 3rd in Politburo
  • died 1976
95
Q

How much was urban heavy industry the budget of the first FYP in China?

A

88% of budget

96
Q

What sort of things were expected to be contributed in APCs?

A

• land, labour, tools, animals

97
Q

By spring 1956 how many peasant households had been collectivised?

A

92%

98
Q

How many backyard steel furnaces were set up?

A

750,000

99
Q

By the end of 1958 how many people worked on the furnaces?

A

100 million

100
Q

When the Yellow river bust its banks in 1960 how many people died?

A

Estimated 2 million

  • drowning or loss of crops
101
Q

Lack of rain in 1960 affected how much of cultivated land?

A

Half

102
Q

With the pragmatist after GLF what did they do to many construction projects?

A

Thousands of construction projects cancelled

103
Q

With the pragmatist after GLF how many peasants sent back to countryside?

A

20 million for agriculture

104
Q

How many badges bearing the leaders face were made?

A

+ 2 billion badges

105
Q

Between 1950 to 1952 total agricultural production increased at a rate of … per annum?

A

15%

106
Q

Some problems to 1950 Agrarian Reform?

A
  1. land organised by clans

2. areas where CCP low influence, eg. South

107
Q

Agrarian Reform Law 43% land redistributed to … % of pop?

A

60% of pop

108
Q

how many households did HAPCs comprise?

A

+200 households

109
Q

by what year did agriculture production levels recover from GLF?

A

1965

110
Q

Soviet loan for first FYP?

A

300 million USD

111
Q

When did Mao famously swim in Yangtze?

A

July 1966

112
Q

when was the new Marriage Law introduced?

A

1950

113
Q

Chinese women subject to traditional ‘three obediences’?

A
  1. to father when young
  2. husband when married
  3. to son at old age
114
Q

1950 Marriage Law basics?

A
  • women got equal legal rights as men => hold property + divorce
  • no dowries + women had to 18+
  • women had free will to marry or not
115
Q

By 1960s only … % of marriages were organised by parents?

A

less than 1%

116
Q

By 1978 … % of schools composed by girls?

A

45%

117
Q

Mao orders “Bombard HQ”?

A

August 1966

118
Q

What ‘Four Olds’ did Lin Biao attack during CR?

A

. old ideas
. old culture
. old customs
. old habits

119
Q

What things were changed during CR?

A

Street names changed to more revolutionary

Red stop light became green

New fashion

Destroy cultural heritage

120
Q

How many houses confiscated Shanghai during CR?

A

250,000

121
Q

By late 1960s how many people purged by CR?

12 RG

A

up to 7M people killed or sent to re-education camps

12M RG

122
Q

When does PLA intervene during CR?

A

1968 as RedG take military arsenals eg. Wuhan

123
Q

“Gang of Four” rule with MAO.

A

Imprisoned after Mao’s death & blamed for excesses of CR

124
Q

what was the “Gang of Four” responsible for?

A
  • ruling with Mao

- orchestrating new culture

125
Q

How many women took advantage of new divorce law?

A

1M women

126
Q

The All-China Women’s federation had …?

A

40,000 staff in 83 different cities

127
Q

Health care spending, bequeathed by Nationalist, never rose … ?

A

2.6% of state budget up to 1956

128
Q

1950 Agrarian Reform Law: how many landlords executed?

A

1-2M

129
Q

1950 Agrarian Reform Law: % of households that took part in landlord killing?

A

88% of households

130
Q

agricultural production growth 1950-1952?

A

15% per annum

131
Q

MAT’s?

A

MUTUAL AID TEAMS 1951

  • voluntary
  • 10 or fewer households
  • households shared tools & labour
  • by 1952 40% households part of an MAT
132
Q

APC’s?

A

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS CO-OPERATIVES 1953

  • voluntary at start: 30-50 households
  • local Party officials reorganised land & took quota of harvest
  • at first only 14% peasants joined
  • then forced to join => 1956 96% peasants part of an APC
  • production stagnated
133
Q

Private ownership was abandoned in …?

A

1956

134
Q

How many households comprised an HAPC?

A

200-300

135
Q

In … a quarter of all criminal cases involved rape?

A

1952

136
Q

Education China?

A

1949-1957: primary school children students doubled + University enrolments x4 + min-pan schools run by peasants in every village

1955=Pinyin standard alphabet

Cons: lack of funding + urban/rural divide

137
Q

Health provision?

A

PATRIOTIC HEALTH CAMPAIGN

1st FYP= 800 modern hospitals

Cadres teaching helped

1949-65 professional doctors x3
Life expectancy 37 to 57

Year 12 (7 decks)

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