GEO Infantry Paper 2 Flashcards
What was the British Nationality Act?
- gave UK citizenship to people from the Commonwealth
CS St Albans?
St Albans is a town and is found 31km north-west of London.
Population pyramid:
• Bulge between 30 and 55 (37% of the population between 30 and 55) as St. Albans is only 30km north-west of London it is a desirable location for commuters to live. Families in particular move here, looking for a more peaceful life outside of London.
• Wider bottom to the pyramid (23% of the population between the ages of 0 and 18) up to the age of 18, as there are more families who
live here, meaning there is a higher birth rate.
Ethnicity in London?
London has a more diverse ethnic mix than anywhere in the UK.
• world’s second most ethnically diverse, after New York.
- 45% of pop class themselves as ‘White British’ in London
- 37% of London’s population is born overseas.
- Social clustering -> individuals from similar backgrounds or countries
• Inner city areas have higher populations of non-white British people as these areas have often been popular with immigrant groups.
Cheaper, smaller, (e.g. flats or social housing) have made them more popular with immigrant groups
opposite in urban areas
Haringey CS?
Population pyramid:
• 33% of the population between 25 and 40 due to London attracting young working professionals. Haringey relatively affordable compared to other locations in London.
There are often more male immigrants, as they first move, work, send remittence payments and perhaps over time their families join them, but not always.
North Norfolk CS?
Population pyramid:
- 9% of the population is 80+ as the North Norfolk coastline is an attractive retirement location
Bulge between 65-75 (18.2% of the population between 65 and 75) as 60/65 is the key retirement age, so many move to North Norfolk
Very narrow base (4.3% of the population between 0 and 5) and straight sides as there is a low birth rate and the working population have moved to urban areas for employment opportunities.
Gender:
- more women than men, because women live longer
Tottenham population characterisitcs?
Population characteristics:
- 48% of residents were born in the UK
- Very ethnically diverse. 22% White British, 27% Other White, Non-white: 51% • 23% households contain no person with English as the main language
- Youthful population (median age of 33)
Tottenham challenges?
- unemployment
- lack of social mobility
- expensive housing
- social tensions eg. riots
Globalisation FLOWS examples?
5
- Capital (money)
- Commodities (raw materials & manufactured goods)
- Information (eg. internet)
- Tourists
- Migrants - longer-term, economic reasons or forced / refugees
Advantages of trade blocs?
4
- bigger markets (eg, EU 500M)
- TNC’s easier to merge (eg. Vodafone & Mannesman becoming world’s largest telephone company?
- protection from exterior competitors & political stability
- better standard of living (eg. Healthcare is unified)
- Freedom of movement eg. EU
disadvantages of Trade blocs?
4
- loss of sovereignty
- interdependence
- compromise & concession
- higher govt. expenses
IMF?
Channels loans from rich nations to countries that applied for help (short/medium term). Receiving countries must open markets, allowing TNCs to enter the economy more easily.
Provides Policy advice.
UN institution
World Bank?
Lends money on a global scale. And gives grants to developing countries. (long-term loans)
UN institution
eg. US$470 M granted to Philippines 2014 for poverty reduction.
WTO?
Part of agreement on Trade & Tariffs in 1995. WTO advocates trade liberalisation, especially for manufactured goods. Persuades countries to reduce import/export tariffs.
Philippines Case Study: Bataan Nuclear Power Plant and the World Bank
Dictator Marcos borrowed 2.3bn USD to build nuclear power plant
Marcos received 80M USD as a bribe from company Westinghouse as contractor
Nuclear power plant never built for tectonic plate & volcano activity => unsafe
Philippines pays 100,000USD a day & 350,000USD in interest every week to pay debt
CS China open door 1978?
Process of economic liberalisation
4 special economic zones by coast
1978-2010 300M mass migration rural to urban
it is believed 400M people have escaped poverty
China accounts +10% of global trade + 2nd largest economy
KOF?
Produces annual index of globalisation rated 1-100.
They measure social state. For example, they measure information flows they measure the number of internet users per 100 people.
They measure nations politically, for example, the number of embassies in a country.
They also measure nations economically, for example, how much trade happens. Restrictions may decrease the points.
2019: Switzerland, Netherlands and Belgium over 90 points
Kearney?
Based in cities
Top: New York, London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong
From Business activity analysis, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience and political engagement.
According to 27 metrics
Not all countries are calculated
Somewhat subjective, weightings
Does not take into account cultural trends.
‘shrinking world effect’
feeling or concept that world is getting smaller.
Places feel more connected.
CS gentrification Birmingham?
1970s & 1980s de-industrialisation
CBD transformed to retail focused
eg. Bull Ring shopping centre
- employs 8,000
- cost 500M sterling
- 370M yearly visits
what is the Eden project Cornwall?
opened in 2001: two large conservatories (called ‘biomes’) which exhibit major plant types plus an education centre about sustainable living & a youth hostel.
cost 140Msterling from Govt. & EU
Eden project successes?
Last 10 years project has generated 1.1bn sterling
& 13M visitors
has created +400 jobs + 3,000 related jobs
Lavapies: Teatro Valle Inclan CS?
Cost €20M
Construction 2002-2006
20€ ticket
Lavapies: UNED Library CS?
€10M cost
Only for students
Factors affecting perception?
Internet/media News Ethnicity Life cycle Lived experience Age Word of mouth Religion
