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Year 13 > GEO Infantry Paper 2 > Flashcards

GEO Infantry Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the British Nationality Act?

A
  • gave UK citizenship to people from the Commonwealth
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2
Q

CS St Albans?

A

St Albans is a town and is found 31km north-west of London.
Population pyramid:

• Bulge between 30 and 55 (37% of the population between 30 and 55) as St. Albans is only 30km north-west of London it is a desirable location for commuters to live. Families in particular move here, looking for a more peaceful life outside of London.

• Wider bottom to the pyramid (23% of the population between the ages of 0 and 18) up to the age of 18, as there are more families who
live here, meaning there is a higher birth rate.

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3
Q

Ethnicity in London?

A

London has a more diverse ethnic mix than anywhere in the UK.
• world’s second most ethnically diverse, after New York.

  • 45% of pop class themselves as ‘White British’ in London
  • 37% of London’s population is born overseas.
  • Social clustering -> individuals from similar backgrounds or countries

• Inner city areas have higher populations of non-white British people as these areas have often been popular with immigrant groups.
Cheaper, smaller, (e.g. flats or social housing) have made them more popular with immigrant groups

opposite in urban areas

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4
Q

Haringey CS?

A

Population pyramid:
• 33% of the population between 25 and 40 due to London attracting young working professionals. Haringey relatively affordable compared to other locations in London.

There are often more male immigrants, as they first move, work, send remittence payments and perhaps over time their families join them, but not always.

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5
Q

North Norfolk CS?

A

Population pyramid:

  • 9% of the population is 80+ as the North Norfolk coastline is an attractive retirement location

Bulge between 65-75 (18.2% of the population between 65 and 75) as 60/65 is the key retirement age, so many move to North Norfolk

Very narrow base (4.3% of the population between 0 and 5) and straight sides as there is a low birth rate and the working population have moved to urban areas for employment opportunities.
Gender:

  • more women than men, because women live longer
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6
Q

Tottenham population characterisitcs?

A

Population characteristics:

  • 48% of residents were born in the UK
  • Very ethnically diverse. 22% White British, 27% Other White, Non-white: 51% • 23% households contain no person with English as the main language
  • Youthful population (median age of 33)
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7
Q

Tottenham challenges?

A
  1. unemployment
  2. lack of social mobility
  3. expensive housing
  4. social tensions eg. riots
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8
Q

Globalisation FLOWS examples?

5

A
  1. Capital (money)
  2. Commodities (raw materials & manufactured goods)
  3. Information (eg. internet)
  4. Tourists
  5. Migrants - longer-term, economic reasons or forced / refugees
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9
Q

Advantages of trade blocs?

4

A
  • bigger markets (eg, EU 500M)
  • TNC’s easier to merge (eg. Vodafone & Mannesman becoming world’s largest telephone company?
  • protection from exterior competitors & political stability
  • better standard of living (eg. Healthcare is unified)
  • Freedom of movement eg. EU
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10
Q

disadvantages of Trade blocs?

4

A
  • loss of sovereignty
  • interdependence
  • compromise & concession
  • higher govt. expenses
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11
Q

IMF?

A

Channels loans from rich nations to countries that applied for help (short/medium term). Receiving countries must open markets, allowing TNCs to enter the economy more easily.

Provides Policy advice.

UN institution

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12
Q

World Bank?

A

Lends money on a global scale. And gives grants to developing countries. (long-term loans)

UN institution

eg. US$470 M granted to Philippines 2014 for poverty reduction.

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13
Q

WTO?

A

Part of agreement on Trade & Tariffs in 1995. WTO advocates trade liberalisation, especially for manufactured goods. Persuades countries to reduce import/export tariffs.

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14
Q

Philippines Case Study: Bataan Nuclear Power Plant and the World Bank

A

Dictator Marcos borrowed 2.3bn USD to build nuclear power plant

Marcos received 80M USD as a bribe from company Westinghouse as contractor

Nuclear power plant never built for tectonic plate & volcano activity => unsafe

Philippines pays 100,000USD a day & 350,000USD in interest every week to pay debt

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15
Q

CS China open door 1978?

A

Process of economic liberalisation

4 special economic zones by coast

1978-2010 300M mass migration rural to urban

it is believed 400M people have escaped poverty

China accounts +10% of global trade + 2nd largest economy

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16
Q

KOF?

A

Produces annual index of globalisation rated 1-100.

They measure social state. For example, they measure information flows they measure the number of internet users per 100 people.

They measure nations politically, for example, the number of embassies in a country.

They also measure nations economically, for example, how much trade happens. Restrictions may decrease the points.

2019: Switzerland, Netherlands and Belgium over 90 points

17
Q

Kearney?

A

Based in cities

Top: New York, London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong

From Business activity analysis, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience and political engagement.

According to 27 metrics

Not all countries are calculated

Somewhat subjective, weightings

Does not take into account cultural trends.

18
Q

‘shrinking world effect’

A

feeling or concept that world is getting smaller.

Places feel more connected.

19
Q

CS gentrification Birmingham?

A

1970s & 1980s de-industrialisation

CBD transformed to retail focused

eg. Bull Ring shopping centre
- employs 8,000
- cost 500M sterling
- 370M yearly visits

20
Q

what is the Eden project Cornwall?

A

opened in 2001: two large conservatories (called ‘biomes’) which exhibit major plant types plus an education centre about sustainable living & a youth hostel.

cost 140Msterling from Govt. & EU

21
Q

Eden project successes?

A

Last 10 years project has generated 1.1bn sterling
& 13M visitors

has created +400 jobs + 3,000 related jobs

22
Q

Lavapies: Teatro Valle Inclan CS?

A

Cost €20M
Construction 2002-2006
20€ ticket

23
Q

Lavapies: UNED Library CS?

A

€10M cost

Only for students

24
Q

Factors affecting perception?

A 
Internet/media
News
Ethnicity
Life cycle
Lived experience
Age
Word of mouth
Religion
25
Q

Explain the role of national governments in attracting FDI?

-3

A

. Tax incentives

. Privatisation

. market liberalisation, reducing trade restrictions

26
Q

What are the advantages of IGOs?

A
  1. They hold state authority.
  2. Their institutions are permanent.
  3. They provide a forum for discussion.
  4. They are issue specific.
  5. They provide information.
  6. They allow multilateral cooperation.
  7. Global aims - e.g. UN working to achieve global security
    Solve global problems
  8. Veto rights in UN ensures high-impact decisions have full consensus
  9. Equal representation in WTA
27
Q

What are the disadvantages of IGOs?

A
  1. Membership is limited. Prohibits the
    membership of private citizens. This makes IGOs undemocratic. In
    addition, not all IGOs allow universal membership.
  2. IGOs often overlap resulting in a complex network.
  3. States have to give up part of their sovereignty, which weakens the state’s ability to assert its authority.
  4. Inequality among state members creates biases and can lead powerful states to misuse these organizations. E.g. Veto in the UN security council, also slow
28
Q

400 out of the 500 biggest TNCs come from only 7 countries?

A 
South Korea
China
UK
Germany
France
Japan
USA
29
Q

TNCs now account for 80% of all … ?

A

global trade - which in 2013 was over US$20 trillion

30
Q

Number of Macdonalds world wide?

A

36,000 stores

&

750 people buy a McDonalds every second

31
Q

Apple CS?

A
  1. 52bn USD Revenue 2020
  2. 2 trillion USD Market Value
  3. 5bn active devices
  4. 4 million US Jobs

iOS app economy - 1.96M apps

32
Q

Amazon CS?

A

17bn USD Profit 2020

  1. 6tr USD Market Value
  2. 125M employees

Utilises data to predict buying patterns

33
Q

China & Resource consumption CS?

A

China accounts for 50% of global coal consumption

China is the world’s biggest producer of iron ore

China demand for rice is the 30% of the global total

China is the second largest consumption of oil after the USA

###

34
Q

Oil and Gas in the Arctic: CS?

A

13% of the world’s undiscovered oil (90 billion barrels of oil)

+ 30% undiscovered gas reserves

35
Q

Oil and Gas in the Arctic: CS?

A

13% of the world’s undiscovered oil (90 billion barrels of oil)

+

30% undiscovered gas reserves

36
Q

How is the Arctic threatened?

. 4

A 
#Fishing
Trawling has damages 30-50% of Norway's coral reefs

Shipping- Risk of oil spills + Total distance sailed by ships increased 75% 2013-2019

Climate change

geopolitical tensions

Year 13 (5 decks)

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