Geo 3A: Perth Functional Zones Flashcards
Location of CBD
Site of the original settlement on the northern banks of the Swan River - 17km upstream. Compact zone
Land use characteristics of CBD
Rectangular, grid-like street pattern Zone of maximum accessibility High land values High competition for limited land, most intensive land use Pedestrian dominated e.g. Hay Street Mall Retail heart of the city - head branches of chain stores e.g. Country road, major department stores e.g. David Jones Businesses and administration centre for Perth, found along St George’s and Adelaide Terrace e.g. NAB, Bankwest
Urban processes of CBD
Vertical zonation - skyscrapers eg. Bankwest tower, buildings exhibit specialization within the floors. Businesses requiring high pedestrian threshold located on lower levels.
Horizontal zonation - clothing and fashion accessory stores located in the same area e.g. Hay and Murray street malls. Financial institutions cluster on St George’s terrace.
Invasion and succession - space extensive functions located on fringes of CBD e.g. museums, convention centre.
Aggregation - financial, commercial, retail, professional
Land use competition - competition due to accessibility, nodal centre for transport links and high land value
Inertia - Royal Perth Hospital, East Perth built on spacious residential land in the 1950s. Due to invasion and succession of CBD functions it is almost in the CBD, too costly to relocate.
Centrifugual forces - expensive rents, traffic congestion, lack of parking, limited room for expansion, pollution regulations e.g. West Australian newspaper moved out from St Georges Terrace to Osborne Park
Centripetal forces - good access to clients, prestige, business links, advertising potential
Transport technology - freeway and rail system focuses on the CBD and makes it more accessible, reinforcing it’s importance
Description of Inner Mixed Zone
Made up of old inner city suburbs(oldest) that fringe the CBD. Used to be the early residential areas of Perth.
East, South, North, West Perth
Land use characteristics of the Inner Mixed Zone
Transitional zone that displays a semi-intensive mixture of land uses, shown by the dissimilar functions.
The change of function has occurred in many buildings e.g. Colin Street in West Perth where medical specialists now operate out of old houses.
Number of inner city apartments have grown rapidly(20-30%) above the Graham Farmer freeway.
High degree of accessibility - channels commuter traffic in and out of the CBD. The grid shaped road system was not designed to handle such high volumes of traffic. Therefore traffic congestion is an issue especially during peak hour e.g. Thomas Street, West Perth, ribbon development along major transport routes has exacerbated the problem e.g. Hay Street, West Perth
Original buildings from the turn of the 20th century found next to newer commercial buildings.
Northbridge, initiated as entertainment and restaurant precinct by Perth City Council illustrates cultural diversity(Vietnamese, Greek, Italian, Chinese).
Account for urban processes in the IMZ
Horizontal zonation - percent of entertainment(Northbridge, James Street), offices(Colin Street, West Perth), retail(Hay Street, West Perth), and medium to high density housing(East Perth)
Invasion and succession - CBD functions have invaded due to competition for limited sites within the CBD. Over time the process of invasion will change the functional mix completely (succession). Caused by land use competition and increases urban density e.g. medical specialists on Colin Street in West Perth operating out of old houses.
Urban Blight - some areas now evidence of decay and deterioration. This is caused by owners who are reluctant to renovate or upgrade properties as it may be worth more if taken over by CBD functions, speculation.
Urban renewal and redevelopment - East Perth Redevelopment Project that began in the early 1990s transformed a once blighted area (large scale industry and poor housing) to a more affluent area with expensive townhouses and apartments e.g. along Claisebrook channel.
Agglomeration - restaurants, pubs, nightclubs found in Northbridge. Professional an health services found in West Perth.
Description of Residential Zone
Most space extensive zone(largest area)
Extends from the IMZ to the rural urban fringe
Variety of dwellings of different ages, sizes, styles and quality
Includes transport routes and buildings that provide goods and services needed by resident
Two distinct part - the established residential zone and the newer growth zone!
Description of Established Residential Zone
Lies beyond the CBD and IMZ e.g. Subiaco, Shenton Park, Mount Lawley, Victoria Park.
Represent past fringes of the city and substantially developed after WW2.
Dominated by residential functions with different types of housing(e.g. bungalows, townhouses, duplexes) with higher density living closer to the city and IMZ(e.g. Subiaco - Subicentro).
Well developed infrastructure - schools, shopping centers, health services.
Variations in the quality of the housing will occur as a result of site features, accessibility and overall competition for land. Better quality housing is found in City Beach(beach), Peppermint Grove(river), Dalkeith(ricer). Against those with less desirable location factors e.g. Balga.
Some suburbs will have industrial estates(e.g. Balcatta), commercial ribbons(e.g. Osborne Park) and special purpose areas(Karakatta cemetery, Claremont show grounds).
Account for urban processes in the Established Residential Zone
Land use competition - the inner city areas have better access to established facilities and the most important workplace(CBD). Due to competition for accessibility, housing density is greater than the NGZ where residential housing lots are more space extensive.
Urban Consolidation - with houses on large blocks being subdivided to make way for units, duplexes, triplexes and townhouses e.g. Scarborough, Wembley - increasing housing density. This can also apply to commercial functions such as those found on ribbon developments.
Urban Redevelopment:
Perry Lakes redevelopment - medium to high density living, Landcorp development.
Subicentro - redeveloping blight industrial areas to the north of the suburb
Description of Newer Growth Zone
Lies beyond the ERZ - they are recently developed residential areas.
e.g. Ellenbrook - 10,000 people projected up to 30,000.
Dominated by residential function with mostly single story bungalows or two storey homes in more affluent areas e.g. Mindarie Keys
Houses tend to be larger(low density) with four bedrooms/two bathrooms but built on cheaper blocks of land in the edge of the city. Attracts young families and first homebuyers.
Road pattern tends to be curved linear with roundabouts and cup de sacs rather than grid pattern of the inner areas.
Areas of vacant land earmarked for future development characterize the region e.g. for recreation facilities in Ellenbrook.
Outer areas rely heavily on private transport and are not well served with public transport as the ERZ.
Account for urban processes in the Newer Growth Zone
Urban sprawl - the expansion of low density residential suburbs on Perth’s periphery is controlled. As the city’s population grows, more land is sought after.
Transport - the building of the freeway system in the 1980s and the extension of the passenger rail system in the 1990s has encouraged urban sprawl. High car ownership rates.
Description of the Rural Urban Fringe
Located on the outer edge of the city - a transitional zone between the built up area and the rural country side.
The rapid encroachment of the residential and other urban land uses has resulted in a partially developed urban landscape. Evident in the Northern Newer Growth areas - Brighton. Subdivided blocks yet to be built upon.
Very dynamic zone
Undesirable functions found here as they are incompatible with other functions e.g. kennels, prisons, airports.
Mixture of land uses/functions in the Rural Urban Fringe
Intensive agricultural market gardens e.g. Wanneroo.
Hobby farms - large block estates of 5 acres or more can be found throughout e.g. Mundaring.
Residential development: Invasion and succession of residential development into this area. New housing is evident with further subdivisions being developed as additional stages are being released e.g. Ashby.
Sports and recreation - land extensive functions scattered throughout. e.g. Golf course in Lakelands
Account for urban processes in the Rural Urban Fringe
Land use conflict - residential vs. industrial.
Urban Shadow - land owners reluctant to upgrade building whilst waiting to sell their properties to housing developers(land use competition).
Invasion and succession - as the NGZ expands into the RUF, a transitional phase begins enabling the invasion of residential functions.
Centrifugal forces - cheap land, lots of space and less congestion. e.g. large industrial estates e.g. Wangara.
Description of Outer Business Districts
Operate outside the CBD Dispersed throughout Perth Major shopping percents e.g. Garden City Regional centres(commercial/business), that act as a focal point for surrounding suburbs - Joondalup, Midland, Rockingham, Armadale High level of accessibility
