Genomes Flashcards
What is a genome?
is sum of the genetic material contained within the an organism
kilobase, megabase, Gigabase
1000, 1million, 1billion
What DNA is present in a prokaryotic? what DNA is present in a eukaryotic cell?
Talk about the sum of genetic material in Viruses, Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic
Single or double stranded, Chromosomes, + Plasmid , Plant: Nucleus + Chloroplast + mitochondria , Nucleus + mitochondria
Do cells contain multiple mitochondria
Yes
Talk about chloroplast and mitochondria
Genomes are circular, and have double membranes.
Are their more copies of mitochondrial genome or nuclear genome in most cells.
Easier because their is more copies. The more energy the more than one cell can produce
What is a complete genome sequence? why are they not if so?
An attempt to sequence the base pair sequence of all of the DNA in an organism. Because of scaffolds contain gaps, repetitive- skips. Heterochromatin difficult to sequence , usually missing from “whole” genome sequence
Are virus genomes small?
Yes
Are genome size and the amount of protein coding DNA linear
No, genomes can increase in size and the percentage of proteins coding sequences decreases especially in eukaryotes
What factors do you think lead a linage genome to expand or contract
The environment, polyploidy or mutations
Why do prokaryotes tend to be compact?
The genes are mostly in operons and most of the genome is protein coding genes.
Why are Eukaryotes usually larger
Because of the functions and structures related to gene regulation
Eurkayotes are comprised of diverse array of elements but…
only some are translated.
Constant transcription to meet demand because you need ribosomes
because you need ribosomes for RNA genes being repetitive sequences
