Genome Sequencig And Genetic Mapping

Question 1

Genome of an organism

Answer 1

The complete DNA sequence (on one set of chromosomes and diploid, eukaryotic organisms)

Question 2

Genome sequencing

Answer 2

Determining the order of nucleotides and so the genetic code

Question 3

If the sequences of bases can be worked out long one chromosome and homologous pair why is it possible to work out the majority of bases in it’s partner chromosome

Answer 3

By assuming that they will be the same. Exceptions in small number of cases where the alleles are a particular gene locus are different (heterozygous) heterozygosity is relatively rare with most genes being homozygous

Question 4

Genetic mapping

Answer 4

Identifying exactly where particular genes are on chromosomes (without necessarily knowing the best sequence within the genes)

Question 5

Have many genomes been sequenced

Answer 5

The genomes of many organisms have been sequenced, including son that are extinct, Neanderthals

Question 6

Human genome project

Answer 6

Set up to map and sequence 3 billion nucleotides in the human Gino and to identify all the genes present (approximately 21000)

Question 7

Sequencing in recent years

Answer 7

Sequencing has become more rapid and less expensive

Question 8

What does knowledge of the genetic code allow

Answer 8

Knowledge of the genetic code allows primary protein structure to be determined (and that molecular modelling software can protect secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure).