Genitourinary System, Adrenals and Posterior Wall Flashcards
innervation of ureters
-renal and hypogastric nerve plexus
-males- testicular nerve plexus
-females- ovarian nerve plexus
-peristaltic movements of smooth muscle are stimulated by stretch receptors
-parasymp increase constriction -> peristaltic movement to move urine from kidneys to bladder
-symp decreases contraction
urinary system structures
-2 kidneys
-2 ureters
-1 urinary bladder
-1 urethra
kidneys
-located retroperitoneal space on posterior abdominal wall
-superior pole - deep to 11-12 ribs
-inferior pole- 1 fingers breadth superior to iliac crest
-right kidney lies slightly lower than left > due to liver and large right lobe
-each moves inferiorly with inspiration -> 2-3 cms
-each kidney contains:
-hilum
-renal pelvis
-major and minor calyces (minors make up major)
-renal capsule
-renal cortex
-renal medulla
function of kidneys
-1. excretion of waste products from proteins metabolism via filtration in nephrons
-2. returns nutrients and chemicals back into blood via reabsorption
-3. control water and electrolyte balance
-nephron- functional unit that filters and purifies blood
-1 mil nephrons in cortex of each kidney
-each nephron consists a renal corpuscle -> contains glomerulus, bowmans capsule, and renal tubule
hilum of kidney
-located on medial concave border
-entrance for blood vessels, lymph, nerves, ureters, into renal sinus
-transmits from anterior to posterior:
-renal vein
-renal artery (2 branches) -> branches after passing through hilum
-ureter
-lymph vessels
-sympathetic nerve fibers
renal sinus
-renal pelvis, calycies, vessels, nerves, lymphatics are embedded
-mostly fat inside
coverings of the kidney
-from outer to inner
-pararenal fat
-renal fascia
-perirenal fat
-fibrous capsule
-provide support and tether ureters and renal vessels
-holds everything in position on the posterior abdominal wall
fibrous capsule
-surrounds kidney and closely applied to surface
-innermost layer
perirenal fat
-covers fibrous capsule
-surrounds kidney and vessels
renal fascia
-collection of connective tissue
-encloses kidneys and suprarenal glands
-continuous with transversalis fascia and blends with vessel sheaths
-infection can spread to abdomen***
pararenal fat
-Large in quantity
-extraperitoneal fat of lumbar region
-posterior to kidneys
-outermost layer
renal cortex
-outer layer
-renal columns- goes between renal pyramids
-medullary rays- extend from bases of the renal pyramids (collecting duct of nephron)
-contain glomerulus, proximal and distal tubules
renal medulla
-renal pyramids
-each kidney has about 12 renal pyramids
-apex (renal papilla) and base -
-apex at the minor calyx
-contains collecting ducts and loops of henle
-gives rise to medullary rays- extensions of it into the renal cortex
renal pelvis
-minor calyces make up the major calyces
-major calyces drain into renal pelvis
-flattened extension of the proximal ureter
-apex is continuous with ureter
-receives 2-3 major calyx
renal columns
-passageway for the nerves and blood vessels
lobes of kidney
made up of pyramids and associated cortex
internal structures of the kidney
-renal cortex
-renal medulla
-minor/major calyces
-renal pelvis