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Anatomy > Anterior Leg FINAL > Flashcards

Anterior Leg FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Hip flexors

A

-pectineus - obturator artery too
-iliopsoas -iliolumbar artery
-rectus femoris
-sartorius
-femoral nerve

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2
Q

Adductors of hip

A

-adductor magnus
-adductor longus
-adductor brevis
-gracilis
-obturator externus
-obturator nerve
-profunda femoris / obturator artery
-scissor gait- one limb crosses in front of other during stepping due to over active obturator nerve

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3
Q

Sartorius

A

-flexes hip
-lateral rotates leg
-abducts hip
-flexes knee

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4
Q

fibula

A

-does not articulate with femur or bear any weight

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4
Q

knee extendors

A

-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-vastus medialis
-vastus intermedius
-femoral nerve and artery

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5
Q

femur

A

-inferomedially pointed- oblique -> COG
-women are more oblique
-angle of inclination largest while young and decreases with age
-male angle > female

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6
Q

hip bone

A

-ilium (largest and superior)
-ASIS and AIIS and PSIS and PIIS
-superior border of greater sciatic notch

-ischium - inferoposterior
-ischial rami
-inferior margin of greater sciatic notch
-ischial spine - lesser sciatic notch
-ischial tuberosity

-pubis- superoanterior
-pubic crest
-pubic tubercles- inguinal ligament attaches
-superior and inferior pubic rami

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7
Q

obturator foramen

A

-ischium and pubis rami bound
-obturator nerve and vessels pass through here

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8
Q

femur

A

-fovea- attachment site for ligamentum teres (head of femur)

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9
Q

tibia

A

-articulates with femur superiorly
-articulates with talus inferiorly

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10
Q

compartments of thigh

A

-anterior- femoral nerve
-medial- obturator nerve
-posterior- sciatic nerve
-septa from inner aspect of deep fascial sheath of thigh to linea aspera of femur

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11
Q

dermatomes of legs

A

-posterior- S3, S2, S1 (foot)
-anterior- L1, L2, L3, L4 (medial shin), L5 (lateral shin)
-genitals- S3, S4

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12
Q

femoral triangle

A

-superior- inguinal ligament
-medially- adductor longus
-laterally- sartorius
-femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, lymph
-sheath- transversalis and iliopsoas fascia -> NO femoral nerve
-femoral canal- deep inguinal lymph nodes (cloquet)
-femoral canal allows space for vein dilation and intraabdominal pressure causes stasis of vein
-great saphenous vein enters via saphenous ring
-deep femoral branches within the triangle

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13
Q

adductor canal

A

-intermuscular passage
-from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
-femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis
-NOT FEMORAL NERVE
-between anterior and medial compartments
-roof- sartorius
-retract sartorius to see contents of canal

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14
Q

common femoral artery branches

A

-superficial circumflex iliac artery
-superficial epigastric artery
-superficial external pudendal artery

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15
Q

femoral artery and branches

A

-external iliac -> femoral
-profunda femoris artery -> medial circumflex femoral and lateral circumflex femoral (ascending, transverse, descending)
-descending genicular artery -> superior lateral/medial genicular artery and inferior lateral/medial genicular artery
-adductor longus separates profunda from femoral artery

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16
Q

knee ligaments / tendons

A

-quadriceps tendon
-patella tendon
-anterior cruciate ligament
-posterior cruciate ligament
-lateran and medial collateral ligaments

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17
Q

knee cartilage

A

-articular cartilage on femur
-meniscus on tibia
-if you tear -> medial pain and knee will lock

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18
Q

iliac crest

A

-bone marrow typically aspirated from iliac crest

19
Q

talonavicular bone fracture

A

-concerns for necrosis
-not a lot of blood supply to navicular bone

20
Q

hip bone fractures*

A

-MCly femoral head, neck, trochanters
-avulsion fractures common during sudden stops -> sartorius from ASIS or rectus femoris from ISIS
-at least 2 fractures in the ring of bone formed by pubis, pubic rami and acetabulum (think of a pretzel)

21
Q

femoral fractures*

A

-MC neck (osteoporosis females)
-intertrochanteric
-direct violent injury - spiral
-distal femur fracture - misalign knee joint
-neck fracture- median circumflex femoral can cause avascular necrosis
-hip bone/neck fracture- injured leg is shorter and externally rotated

22
Q

hip dislocation*

A

-posterior hip dislocation- internal rotation
-anterior hip dislocation- external rotation

23
Q

coxa vara and coxa valga

A

-decreased angle- coxa vara -> mild passive abduction of hip
-increased angle- coxa valga
-can be caused by rickets
-congenital ossification defect of neck of femur

24
Q

tibial and fibular fractures*

A

-anterior tibia fracture- compound (open) or diagonal
-fracture of tibia through nutrient canal -> nonunion of bone
-fibular fracture- associated with ankle joint dislocation (inversion) -> LATERAL MALLEOULUS AVULSION FRACTURE
-ankle ligament tear- excessive inversion causes talus to sheer off ankle ligament -> fibular fracture
-must check if mortise is in tack -> surgical repair to prevent arthritis
-must be mindful of interosseous tears

25
Q

bone grafts

A

-fibula is common site
-function remains after
-periosteum and nutrient artery taken with it

26
Q

fractures involving epiphyseal plates

A

-disruption of epiphyseal plate at tibial tuberosity during growth -> inflammation and pain -> Osgood-Schlatter disease
-Osgood-Schlatter- muscles and bone develop at different rates
-Salter-Harris classification- fractures in children

27
Q

runners knee

A

-weak adductors of thigh and quadricep muscles
-weak muscles allow for sliding of knee and rubbing on the condyles
-aching deep to patella or around it
-quad imbalance
-chondromalacia patellae- softening of the cartilage
-can also result from extreme flexion or blow to knee

28
Q

compartment syndromes in leg and fasciotomy

A

-increased pressure -> poor circulation
-burns, sustained intense muscle use, trauma -> hemorrhage, edema, inflammation
-septa and deep fascia strong
-loss of distal pulse
-ischemia
-fasciotomy

29
Q

saphenous nerve injury

A

-accompanies great saphenous vein
-pain, tingling, numbness along medial border of foot and leg
-only sensory

30
Q

varicose veins

A

-great saphenous vein
-dilated tortuous, rotation
-valve cusps dont close
-reverse flow
-higher risk for DVT
-tx- sclerosing solutions
-failure of perforating vein valves -> pooling in superficial veins (GSV)

31
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

-deep femoral vein*, popliteal, posterior, and anterior tibial
-NOT the saphenous veins (this is superifical)
-swelling, warmth, eryhhema, infection
-venous stasis (stagnation) -> thrombus forms
-pulmonary thromboembolism- travels to lung
-caused by:
-loose fascia -> dosent resist muscle expansion (no pump)
-inactivity
-tx- compression socks

32
Q

femoral nerve block

A

-just inferior to inguinal ligament

33
Q

hip pointer injury

A

-contusion of iliac crest MC (bruise)
-can also refer to avulsion

34
Q

charlie horse

A

-acute cramping of individual thigh muscle
-ischemia, nocturnal leg cramps, contusion, and rupture of blood vessels (can cause hematoma)

35
Q

paralysis of quadricep femoris

A

-cant extend leg against resistance
-pt presses on distal end of thigh during walking to prevent flexion of knee joint
-weakness of vastus medialis or lateralis from arthritis or trauma to knee joint -> patella moves and loss of knee stability

36
Q

transplantation of gracilis

A

-weak adductor
-no loss of action
-repairs forearm or external anal sphincter

37
Q

patellar tendon reflex

A

-leg extension
-quad contraction
-testing femoral nerve - L2-L4 spinal cord
-peripheral nerve disease if no reflex

38
Q

groin pull

A

-strain, stretching, tearing of flexor and adductor thigh muscles
-quick starts usually

39
Q

great saphenous vein

A

-used for bypass
-strip valves or flip it around
-doesnt get occluded as frequently
-anterior to medial malleolus and posterior to medial knee condyle
-next to saphenous nerve

40
Q

femoral vein

A

-central venous access -> can trace up to heart (RA)
-medial to femoral pulse
-must be careful of things in the triangle
-hematoma can form and obstruct flow to leg

41
Q

pulses of the leg

A

-femoral (in triangle)
-popliteal
-posterior tibial (medial malleolus)
-dorsalis pedis (anterior tibial artery)

42
Q

sensory innervation to legs/feet

A

-dorsum of foot- superficial fibular
-anterior thigh- anterior cutaneous femoral
-medial shin- saphenous nerve
-lateral shin lateral sural cutaneous
-between big toe- deep fibular nerve
-posterior thigh- posterior cutaenous nerve of thigh and inferior gluteal CLUNIAL
-buttcheek- superior gluteal CLUNIAL
-medial butt- medial gluteal CLUNIAL

43
Q

collateral circulation of leg

A

-if femoral artery is occluded at adductor canal…
-descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral anastomoses with femoral and descending genicular branch

44
Q

femoral nerve

A

-between iliacus and psoas major

Anatomy (34 decks)

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