Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Arm FINAL > Flashcards

Arm FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

pectoral girdle

A

-elevation, depression, protraction (hunch), retraction
-serratus anterior- thong thoracic
-rhomboid major/minor, levator scapulae - dorsal scapular
-trapezius- accessory
-subclavius- depress
-pectoralis minor- pectoral n - protract
-scapula and clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

humeral fracture

A

-MC elderly with osteoporosis -> surgical neck and distal radius (colles)
-surgical neck -> axillary and posterior anterior humeral circumflex
-direct blow -> radial nerve, profunda brachii
-supraepicondylar- medial nerve and brachial artery
-medial epicondyle- ulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

colles fracture

A

-MC forearm fracture
-forced dorsiflexion /falling on out stretched hand
-ulnar styloid is often avulsed off
-dinner fork deformity
-radius is shortened and comminuted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hamate fracture

A

-may damage ulnar artery/nerve
-decreased grip strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

shoulder separation

A

-compete tear- surgical repair -> AC and CC rupture -> just under skin
-partial- immobility heals
-stretching of ligaments
-clavicle can displace posterior over acromion
-Acromioclavicular ligament and Coracoclavicular ligament
-be careful of axillary and lateral pectoral
-if CC tears -> arm weighs down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

rotator cuff

A

-suprascapular, infrascapular - suprascapular n
-teres minor- axillary
-subscapular (medial rotation)- subscapular nerve
-MC suprascapular tear -> problem with first 15 degrees abduction (extrinsic/wear and tear or intrinsic/blood supply decrease)
-teres minor and infraspinatus- lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

shoulder joints

A

-TRUE- sternoclavicular (ball and socket), glenohumeral (frozen shoulder), acromioclavicular
-FALSE- subacromial/suprahumeral, scapulothoracic
-frozen shoulder- adhesive fibrosis and scarring between glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa, and deltoid -> cant abduct past 45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

flexors and extensor of shoulder

A

-lady and two majors

FLEXION
-pec major
-lat
-deltoid clavicular head
EXTENSION
-teres major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SLAP tear

A

-superior labrum anterior posterior tear
-where the bicep tendon inserts
-quick lift, fall on hand
-bicep pop and curl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

shoulder dislocation, quadrangular, tricep hiatus

A

-MC anterior- fall on extended arm
-posterior- head of humerus behind socket -> uncommon -> severe shock, seizures
-inferior- arm pushed down and out of socket
-hillsachs fracture- humeral head fracture 2ndary to dislocation
-axillary nerve and posterior circumflex (quadrangular)
-radial nerve and profunda brachii artery (triceps hiatus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

quadrangular space syndrome

A

-compression of axillary nerve (C5 and C6)
-pain over posterior lateral shoulder
-sargents patch
-vascular compromise of circumflex
-MRI for teres minor atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

subclavian artery

A

-subclavian gives off superior thoracic artery -> supplies 1st rib
-becomes axillary at pec minor
-axillary gives off thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic
-at the level of surgical head gives off posterior anterior humeral circumflex and subscapular arteries
-at teres major it becomes brachial artery
-brachial gives of profundus brachii and radial and ulnar artery
-ulnar artery gives of interosseous branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

volkmans contracture

A

-injury to elbow or upper arm
-usually crush injury
-brachial artery damage
-acute compartment syndrome
-contracture of muscles
-permanent deformity
-flexion of fingers and wrist
-ischemia and paralysis
-supracondylar fracture most common!!
-5 Ps -> pain with passive movement, paresthesias, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness
-3 As- increase analgesics, anxiety, agitation
-stryker pressure monitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bicep tendon

A

-C6/C5 reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

arm extensors

A

-attach to olecranon of ulna
-triceps brachii
-anocneus
-long head -> adduction and extension of shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

elbow ligaments

A

-annular- over radial head -> fracture or subluxation of radial head -> nurse maids elbow
-tennis elbow- lateral epicondylitis pain with EXTENSION of wrist or fingers
-ulnar collateral tear- repeated pinching and twisting -> tommy john surgery (take tendon from plantaris or palmaris longus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

elbow joints

A

-humeroulnar joint- composite hinge joint -> flex and extend -> wrench (olecranon of ulna) and nut (trochlea of humerus)
-humeroradial joint- ball and socket- pronation and supination
-radioulnar joint- pivot joint- prevents spinning out of control (excessive pronation/supination) -> prevents nurse maid elbow dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

subluxation vs dislocation of elbow

A

-dislocation- radial and ulnar out of joint -> dislocate posteriorly
-humeral head out-> major force
-subluxation- bones out of communication
-subluxation occurs with pulling, swinging, pulling by arm (child) -> radial head splits out from under annular ligament -> decrease stability of radioulnar joint
-nurse maids
-cant bend wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

henrys mobile wad

A

-extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
-brachioradialis
-lateral epicondyle attachment
-radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

elbow dimpling

A

-forearm appears longer
-epicondyles misplaced
-radial head displaced
-concern for ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ulnar nerve injury

A

-ulnar claw hand
-cant extend the 4th and 5th fingers
-flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis take over -> excessive flexion
-ulnar canal syndrome- hypothesias on medial hand
-froments sign- loss of adductor pollicis -> flexors take over -> pulling paper out of pts hand and they compensate with thumb flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

-point tenderness
-fall on outstretched hand
-lateral hand pain
-avascular necrosis may occur
-degenerative joint disease of wrist
-cant see on image at first

23
Q

falling on outstretched hand

A

-anterior shoulder dislocation
-surgical neck or supraepicondylar fracture
-colles fracture
-scaphoid fracture
-SLAP tear
-clavicular fracture

-CONCERN
-axillary nerve, lateral pectoral nerve
-posterior and anterior humeral circumflex artery
-subscapular

24
Q

hand bones

A

-scaphoid
-lunate
-triquetrum
-pisiform
-trapzium
-trapezoid
-capitate
-hamate

25
Thenar Muscles
-Median Nerve -fine movements of the thumb (lateral) -opposition abduction flexion at thumb All- Abductor Pollicus Brevis For- Flexor Pollicus Brevis One- Oppones Pollicus And- Adductor Pollicus- ULNAR NERVE
26
hypothenar
-ulnar nerve -opposition and flexion at pinky -One- Oppones Digiti Minimi For- Flexor digiti minimi All- Abductor digiti minimi
27
lumbricals
-attach to flexor digitorum profundus -flex at metacarpal phalanges joint -> makes L
28
interossei- intrinsic hand muscle
-2 types -palmar aspect/dorsal aspect -DAB- dorsal ABduct -PAD- palmar ADduct -ULNAR NERVE
29
median nerve innervation in hand
-LOAF -abductor pollicis brevis -opponens pollicis -flexor pollicis brevis -lumbricals (1st and 2nd)
30
median nerve injury
-cant make a first -ROCK -flexor digitorum superficialis -flexor carpi radialis -palmaris longus -flexor pollicis longus
31
radial nerve injury- hand
-cant do paper -extension -flexor carpi radialis longus and brevis -brachioradialis
32
ulnar nerve injury- hand
-cant perform scissors -abduction and adduction of palmar and dorsal interossei
33
anterior triangle
-superior border- mandible -medial- midline -lateral- anterior border of SCM -suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles -submandibular- between the digastric bellies -> submandibular gland, fascial artery and vein -submental- hyoid is base -> anterior jugular -carotid triangle- omohyoid (anterior), SCM, posterior digastric -> common carotid, internal jugular, vagus, glossopharyngeal -muscular triangle- SCM, midline, anterior omohyoid -> omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
34
infrahyoid muscles
-work on hyoid bone for respiration and swallowing -omohyoid- ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3) -sternohyoid- ansa cervicalis -sternothyroid- ansa cervicalis -thyrohyoid- thyrohyoid branch of hypoglossal nerve
35
suprahyoid muscles
-digastric (posterior belly)- facial n -digastric (anterior belly)- nerve to mylohyoid -mylohyoid- nerve to mylohyoid -geniohyoid- C1 via hypoglossal n -stylohyoid- facial n -elevated hyoid
36
37
posterior triangle of neck
-supraclavicular/subclavian- omohyoid (posterior), SCM, clavicle -> subclavian artery and vein, external jugular vein -occipital- omohyoid (posterior), SCM, trap -> spinal accessory nerve, brachial plexus, scalenes, occipital lymph nodes
38
superficial fascia of neck
-platysma -contains infections -once gets through it spreads rapidly
39
retropharyngeal space of neck
-between pre tracheal and pre vertebral fascia -T1-T2 -anterior- pre tracheal encloses trachea, thyroid, esophagus -posterior- prevertebral fascia around vertebral column, scalenes, prevertebral muscles -lateral- carotid sheath -infection can seep deeper to superior mediastinum -danger space- continuous with mediastinum and up until diaphragm -> posterior mediastinum infection spread
40
ludwigs angina
-med emergency -infection spread to retropharyngeal space -infected dentition -compromise airway -immunocompromise adults / child -area swells quick -red neck -dysphagia -hot potato voice
41
external jugular vein
-internal barometer -venous pressure -normally visible superior to clavicle -distention -> heart failure, obstruction of vena cava, lymph node compression, increased intrathoracic pressure
42
left supraclavicular node
-virchows node- left -thoracic duct empties all lymph here -enlarged -> high suspicious on abdominal cancer -right side - right lymphatic duct -> right arm, right breast, right neck -thoracic duct connects to subclavian vein -> if virchow node is large enough -> compression of nerves and vessels
43
carotid
-in carotid sheath -common carotid -> internal and external carotid -internal- continues up into cranium before it branches -right after internal and external split -> carotid sinus -carotid sinus- specialized sensory cells- baroreceptors that detect stretch (BP) -> receives nerve impulses from *glossopharyngeal* -> Regulates BP -slows heart and BP -hypersensitive to any pressure -> can cause -> syncope -between external and internal cluster of nerve cells -> carotid bodies -> chemoreceptor -> detect O2 in blood -> relay to brain -> control breathing rate
44
External carotid artery branches
-Some Attending’s Like Freaking Out Potential Medical Students -no internal carotid artery branches until up into neck -superior thyroid artery- almost right after bifurcation -ascending pharyngeal artery -lingual artery -facial artery -occipital artery -posterior auricular artery -maxillary artery -superficial temporal artery
45
subclavian vein
-internal jugular vein branches -thoracic duct drain in -virchow node can compress in enlarged
46
superior vena cava syndrome
-tumor pressing on superior vena cava -prevents draining -dilated veins in neck -> external jugular -obstructed collateral veins -> chest -cant drain blood from face -> flushing -pembertons sign- put hands up facial plethera -> increase erythema on face -lymphoma, lung cancer
47
thyroid gland
-below larynx -wraps around trachea -isthmus connects -thyroglossal duct cyst- patent thyroglossal duct -> cyst develops -anterior mass -pyramidal lobe of thyroid + -tracheotomy- BELOW cricothyroid, tube in 2nd tracheal space usually not emergency usually after dividing thyroid isthmus -cricothyroidotomy- ABOVE cricothyroid, emergency, tube through cricothyroid membrane
48
cervical plexus
-C1 gives rise to nerves that innervates glenohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles -> travel with hypoglossal -ansa cervicalis- loop of nerves -> roots C1-C3 -> 4 branches - innervate superior/inferior belly of omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid -medius scalane C3-C4* -indirect innervation for the rest of scalenes from cervical plexus
49
RTDCB
-roots- C5-T1- by scalenes -trunks- superior, middle, inferior (past scalenes) -divisions (under clavicle)- anterior and 3 posterior -cords (axilla)- lateral, posterior, medial -terminal branches (arm)- muscuocutaneous, axillary, radius, median, ulnar
50
erbs palsy
-C5, C6 injury -stretching injury -fall on neck, lateral stretch of neck -pulling on baby head during delivery -musculocutaneous, axillary, suprascapular end nerves to subclavius -supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subclavius, biceps, brachialis, deltoid, teres minor are affected -sensation affected on lateral aspect of upper limb- C5-C6 dermatome -arm hangs limp, medially rotated at shoulder -cant flex at elbow -unopposed action of pec major -supraspinous isnt pulling it back -forearm pronated due to loss of biceps brachi -wrist flexed -> normal tone of wrist flexors (extensions weakened) -waiters tip deformity- pronation, forearm extension, wrist flexed -suprascapular nerve -> supraspinatus, infraspinatus -> unable to keep lateral rotation of shoulder -musculocutaneous nerve -> unable to flex biceps, brachioradialis flexion at elbow and supination -axillary nerve -> motor deltoid and teres mINOR -> able to abduct arm -some branches to posterior cord- radial nerve -> forearm extensors
51
klumpke's palsy
-less common -C8-T1 -reaching up -limb presentation during delivery -> stretch injury of axilla -injury to T1 (ulnar and median) -intrinsic hand muscle injury -medial side of upper limb sensation- C8-T1 dermatome -loss of motion and/or sensation in wrist and hand -> cant move fingers -claw hand -lumbricals- flex metacarpals and extend interphalangeal joints -> paralysis -> extended metacarpals and flexed interphalangeal
52
thoracic outlet syndrome
-overuse, compression of brachial plexus -collar bone, first rib compression -pain, numbness -20-40 yo- repetitive physical activity or heavy lifting -1. neurogenic- nerve roots or any part of brachial plexus -> 3 areas of concern -scalene triangle- posterior and medius scalene -costoclavicular junction- cords -interpectoral space- branches or divisions - 2. vascular impingement - compression of subclavian artery or vein -gamer posture
53
gamer posture
-thoracic outlet syndrome -hypertonic or spasm from poor posture -unconscious contraction of pec muscles (not stretched) -leaning head forward- scalenes unconscious contracted -weakening of posture muscles- lower trap, serratus anterior, flexor muscles at neck -numbness and weakness
54
dermatomes of face
-C2- posterior scalp- superior to ear -C2,C3- anterior ear, posterior ear, back of head, anterior top half of neck -C3, C4- neck, chest, shoulder

Anatomy (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions