Genitourinary/Reproductive System (Exam Two) Flashcards
List the female hormones.
- Follicle-stimulating hormone
- Luteinizing hormone
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Inhibin
- Prolactin
- Oxytocin
List the male hormones.
- Follicle-stimulating hormone
- Luteinizing hormone
- Testosterone
- Inhibin
Which hormones are specific to females?
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Prolactin
- Oxytocin
Which hormones are specific to males?
-Testosterone
What is included in an obstetrical history?
- Gravida
- Para
- Abortions
What is gravida?
Number of pregnancies regardless of the outcome
What is para?
-Number of births after 20 weeks gestation regardless if live and stillborn births
What is abortion?
-Number of pregnancies terminated before 20 weeks gestation regardless if therapeutic or miscarriage
A 39 year old female has had five pregnancies: two sets of twins born at 38 and 39 weeks gestation, a single birth born at 32 weeks gestation, a miscarriage at 16 weeks, and one 21-week stillborn delivery. How will the nurse record this information?
G5
P4
A1
How often should a breast self-examination be performed? At what time of the month should it be performed?
- Monthly
- One week after each menstrual period
At what age should a women begin to get a yearly mammogram screening?
Age 40
How often should a testicular self-examination be performed? At what time of the month should it be performed?
- Monthly
- After a warm bath or shower
What is mastitis? What can it cause if left untreated?
- Clogged milk-ducts
- Sepsis
What are the risk factors for developing breast cancer?
- Estrogen treatment
- Early menarche (menstruation)
- Late menopause
- Late/No pregnancies
- No breastfeeding
What are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer?
- Lump or thickening
- Dimpling
- Clear or bloody discharge
- Swelling
- Tenderness
- Discoloration
What is the best way to prevent breast cancer?
Early identification
How is breast cancer definitively diagnosed?
Biopsy
What are the treatment options for breast cancer?
- Lumpectomy
- Mastectomy
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Hormonal therapy
- Targeted therapies
What is removed during a simple mastectomy?
Breast tissue
What is removed during a radical mastectomy?
All muscle and lymph nodes
If a patient presents with a new onset of dysmenorrhea, what should the nurse do?
Notify the health care provider
If a patient has any noticeable changes in menstruation or presents with any abnormal signs/symptoms, what should they do?
Notify the health care provider
What is premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
Combination of symptoms that present in the week or two before a menstruation cycle
What is the priority intervention for premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
Limitation of alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, salt, and simple sugars
What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with accompanying signs and symptoms of depression
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is commonly associated with what?
Body dysmorphic disorder
What is endometriosis? Is it acute or chronic?
- Endometrial tissue growth outside of the uterus
- Chronic
What are the signs and symptoms of endometriosis?
- Scar tissue
- Infertility
- Pain
- Swelling
- Organ damage
What should the nurse closely monitor if a patient has endometriosis?
Use of pain medications
What is menopause?
Permanent cessation of menstrual cycle
A woman is considered to have reached menopause once she has what?
Gone a full year without a menstrual cycle
What are the treatment options available to women in menopause?
- Healthy diet
- Vaginal lubricant (water-soluable)
- Dress in layered clothing
- Calcium/Vitamin D
- Dietary phytoestrogens
How would the nurse describe the characteristics of candidiasis to a patient? What causes candidiasis?
- Distinct cottage-cheese appearance
- Prolonged antibiotic use
A patient describes having very foul smelling vaginal discharge that has not gone away after using an OTC medication, the nurse knows the patient most likely has?
Bacterial vaginosis
What is toxic shock syndrome?
Systemic infection caused by staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus bacteria
What can cause toxic shock syndrome?
- Prolonged or highly absorbent tampon use
- Other types of vaginal packing
What are the signs and symptoms of toxic shock syndrome?
- Redness of palms and soles
- Rash
- Blisters
- Petechiae
- Sore throat
A patient in the ER has been diagnosed with toxic shock syndrome, the nurse knows she will need what?
Immediate antibiotic treatment
What are the most non-reliable forms of contraceptives?
- Natural family planning
- Lactational amenorrhea
- Coitus interruptus (pulling out)
What contraceptive method is used mostly by religious communities or those who do not believe in medicinal forms of contraceptives?
Natural family planning (NFP)
What is considered the only true method of sterilization?
Hysterectomy
What is a therapeutic abortion?
Scheduled or planned for a medical reason