Genitourinary Conditions Path

Question 1

Chronic Kidney Disease - Pathophysiology (Diabetes Mellitus) (8)

Answer 1

1) high blood glucose 2) increased reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors 3) glomerulosclerosis of nephrons 4) irreversible nephron failure 5) glomerular hyperfiltration in remnant nephrons 6) initial GFR increase in remnant nephrons 7) eventual glomerulosclerosis of remnant nephrons 8) irreversible nephron failure

Question 2

Chronic Kidney Disease - Pathophysiology (Hypertension) (12)

Answer 2

1) increased blood pressure 2) blood vessel lumen narrowing due to wall thickening 3) decreased kidney blood flow 4) decreased GFR 5) increased renin secretion 6) further increased blood pressure 7) glomerulosclerosis of nephrons 8) irreversible nephron failure 9) glomerular hyperfiltration in remnant nephrons 10) initial GFR increase in remnant nephrons 11) eventual glomerulosclerosis in remnant nephrons 12) irreversible nephron failure

Question 3

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia - Pathophysiology (3)

Answer 3

1) benign nodular or diffuse proliferation of prostate glandular epithelium and stromal cells 2) prostate enlarges 3) prostate narrows urethra (compression or obstruction)

Question 4

Pyelonephritis - Pathophysiology (3)

Answer 4

1) bowel flora Escherichia coli 2) females have a shorter urethra which is closer to anus 3) ascending transurethral transmission of bacteria to urinary tract

Question 5

Cystitis - Pathophysiology (3)

Answer 5

1) bowel flora Escherichia coli 2) females have shorter urethra which is closer to anus 3) ascending transurethral transmission of bacteria