GenitoUrinary Flashcards
The basement membrane of the glomerulus is surrounded by a bunch of small tubes called _____, which regulate blood flow
Foot processes
The visceral epithelial cells of Bowman’s Capsule
Podocytes
The production of normal urine protein in the kidneys is __ to __mg/24 hours
100-150mg
___ is an increase in Blood Urine Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine levels w/a decrease in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Azotemia
When clinical signs and symptoms become apparent, Azotemia becomes ____
Uremia
In ___ syndrome, the primary defect is decreased glomerular filtration rate resulting in oliguria (decreased urine output)
Nephritic
The primary defect of NEPHROTIC syndrome is increased permeability of the glomerular filter to protein resulting in increased protein in the urine, called _____
Proteinuria
In ___ syndrome, hematuria (RBC’s in urine) is found, as well as hypertension and glomerular inflammation
Nephritic
In ___ syndrome there is NO inflammation in glomeruli
Nephrotic
There is LESS than 3.5 grams per day of proteinuria in ___ syndrome, while MORE than 3.5 grams/day is associated with ___ syndrome of the kidney
Nephritic, nephrotic
Hypoproteinemia (decreased protein in the blood), hyperlipidemia (increased lipoproteins in the blood), lipiduria (lipoproteins in urine), and edema are all results of ____ syndrome
Nephrotic
When the GFR has decreased to __-__ml/minute from the normal of 125ml/minute it is severe enough to be termed end renal failure and renal dialysis is required
10-20
_____ glomerulonephritis occurs 1-4 weeks post strep infection, usually in children. Red/brown urine is a common clinical presentation
Acute proliferative post-streptococcal
IgA Nephropathy, AKA ____ disease
Berger’s
____ Glomerulonephritis shows crescents composed of cells and protein in the glomerulus. It is also post-streptococcal
Rapidly progressive (Crescentic)
Anti-GBM (glomerular basement membrane) or Goodpasture (Type I), Immune complex like lupus or idiopathic (Type II), and Pauci-Immune ANCA like Wegener’s granulomatosis (Type III) are all possible pathogenesis’ of _____
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (Crescentic)
____ Glomerulonephritis is histologic terms indicating marked glomerular scarring with obliteration of glomerular capillaries. Kidney function is severely impaired and clinically this is called end-stage renal disease
Chronic
In ___ disease, electron microscopy shows fusion of podocyte foot processes. It is the most frequent cause of the nephrotic syndrome in children (usually age 1-7)
Minimal change
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis accounts for __-__% of cases of nephrotic syndrome. It does NOT respond to corticosteroid therapy (unlike minimal change, which does)
20-30%
____ glomerulonephritis usually occurs in ages 30-50, and shows a spike and dome pattern of foot processes
Membranous
_____ is caused by immune antibodies reacting to endogenous or planted glomerular antigens
Membranous glomerulonephritis
____ (a renal-hypertensive disease) is associated w/hyaline arteriosclerosis (thickening of walls of small arteries and arterioles)
Benign Nephrosclerosis
In _____ Hypertension BP will be 200/120mmHg and will present w/pinpoint petechial hemorrhages, papilledema (swelling of pupils), encephalopathy (brain changes), and renal failure. There will be a “flea bite” appearance on the surface of the kidney
Malignant
Diabetes mellitus causes hyaline thickening of arteriolar walls (hyaline arteriosclerosis) at the afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus. There is also diffuse thickening of glomerular basement membranes. This would be considered diabetic _____
Nephropathy
