Bone Infection, Tumor, Arthritides

Question 1

Bacterial infection of bone

Answer 1

Osteomyelitis

Question 2

A piece of necrotic bone (little island of bone)

Answer 2

Seqestrum

Question 3

An abscess in bone that may contain a sequestrum

Answer 3

Brodie’s abscess

Question 4

New bone and fibrous tissue that forms around a sequestrum

Answer 4

Involucrum

Question 5

Chronic osteomyelitis w/excess new bone formation

Answer 5

Garre’s sclerosing osteomyelitis

Question 6

Name some conditions that can predispose patients to chronic osteomyelitis:

Answer 6

1. Diabetes
2. Immunodeficiency
3. Long-term use of steroids
4. RA
5. Alcoholism

Question 7

Most common bacteria to cause osteomyelitis?

Answer 7

Staph aureus

Question 8

Most common location in the spine for osteomyelitis?

Answer 8

Lumbar spine

Question 9

In this infection, note the patient has severe back pain, especially at night (which is opposite of how it should be). Destruction of the disc space will also occur.

Answer 9

Osteomyelitis

Question 10

Other causative agents of this infection include joint replacements (and the cements used in this process), sickle cell anemia = salmonella, and Tuberculosis

Answer 10

Osteomyelitis

Question 11

Tuberculosis of the spine

Answer 11

Pott’s Disease

Question 12

This disease displays a unique form of bone destruction as the vertebrae wedge, eventually leading to extreme kyphosis

Answer 12

Pott’s disease (TB of the spine)

Question 13

The three most common types of bone tumors?

Answer 13

1. Osteogenic
2. Chondrogenic
3. Fibrogenic

Question 14

The majority of primary bone tumors are what type?

Answer 14

Chondrogenic

Question 15

Bone-forming tumors are called?

Answer 15

Osteogenic

Question 16

Name the two benign osteogenic tumors

Answer 16

Osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma

Question 17

Is an osteosarcoma benign or malignant?

Answer 17

Malignant

Question 18

Name the three benign chondrogenic tumors:

Answer 18

• enchondroma
• osteochondroma
• chondroblastoma

Question 19

The malignant chondrogenic tumor?

Answer 19

Chondrosarcoma

Question 20

What does PNET stand for?

Answer 20

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors

Question 21

A malignant PNET which is the 2nd most common malignancy in children, and occurs in young adults as well.

Answer 21

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Question 22

A benign bone tumor, possibly osteoclast-like cells, which is common in the distal femur and proximal tibia, common age = 20-40

Answer 22

Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)

Question 23

A tumor of B lymphocyte origin in which the B cells mature to malignant “garbage” plasma cells that produce “garbage” antibodies

Answer 23

Plasma cell myeloma (multiple myeloma)

Question 24

____ is the most common malignant tumor occurring in bone, but it is not a tumor OF the bone forming cells.

Answer 24

Plasma cell myeloma (multiple)

Question 25

The lytic center of the benign osteoid osteoma is termed ____

Answer 25

Nidus

Question 26

Name the tumor: benign bone tumor larger than 2cm. Often involves the spine. Painful, but does NOT respond to aspirin.

Answer 26

Osteoblastoma

Question 27

Name the tumor: benign, less than 2cm. 75% occur under age 25, more common in males. 50% occur in femur or tibia. DOES respond to aspirin (and NSAIDS).

Answer 27

Osteoid osteoma

Question 28

The most common primary malignant tumor of bone

Answer 28

Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)

Question 29

__% of osteosarcoma's occur under the age of 20, and males are affected more often than females.

Answer 29

75%

Question 30

An osteosarcoma affects what part of long bone 90% of the time?

Answer 30

Metaphysis

Question 31

The type of benign cartilage tumor usually occurs in small bones of the hands and feet and usually arises in the medullary of bone. Ollie and Maffucci syndromes are types of this where multiple sites are present.

Answer 31

Enchondroma

Question 32

This benign cartilage tumor has a much higher matrix to cell ratio than normal, and the matrix has a GROUND GLASS basophilic appearance due to the arrangement of type II collagen fibers.

Answer 32

Enchondroma

Question 33

T/F: Ollier syndrome is typically bilateral

Answer 33

False

Question 34

____ account for about 1/3 of benign bone tumors, making them the MOST COMMON benign bone tumor.

Answer 34

Osteochondromas

Question 35

This benign bone tumor is characterized by a "stalk" protruding from the metaphysis of long bones (kind of looks like broccoli)

Answer 35

Osteochondroma

Question 36

A rare benign tumor presenting as a painful lesion. Typically in younger adults and occurring around the epiphysis of the bones making up the knee.

Answer 36

Chondroblastoma

Question 37

The 2nd most frequent primary malignant tumor of bone. Usually occurs after age 40.

Answer 37

Chondrosarcoma

Question 38

What is it called when all normal bone components are present, but do not fully mature?

Answer 38

Fibrous dysplasia

Question 39

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia (a single bone is affected) occurs in __% of cases

Answer 39

70%

Question 40

In this type of fibrous dysplasia, craniofacial, shoulder, and pelvic girdle involvement is common and can result in serious deformity: sheperd's crook deformity.

Answer 40

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

Question 41

Least common of the fibrous dysplasia syndromes (only 3%). Aka McCune-Albright Syndrome

Answer 41

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia w/endocrine abnormalities

Question 42

The most common clinical presentation of this is precocious (early) sexual maturity which is more common in females (ex: period at age 2). It is also associated with cafe au lait spots

Answer 42

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia w/endocrine abnormalities

Question 43

The most common malignancy in bone

Answer 43

Metastatic tumors

Question 44

Breast cancer would result in ____ lesions of bone, while prostate cancer would result in ____ lesions

Answer 44

Lytic, blastic

Question 45

A group of three proliferative (neoplastic) conditions that result from proliferation of Langerhans cells.

Answer 45

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Question 46

A single, benign lesion in bone, cured by excision. This is a type of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.

Answer 46

Eosinophilic granuloma

Question 47

Multiple bone lesions including the skull and skin lesions of various types, may regress spontaneously or be treated w/chemotherapy. A type of LCH.

Answer 47

Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease

Question 48

The most aggressive form of LCH affecting the skin, multiple organs and bone. Birbeck granules are ultrastructural tennis racket shaped structures present in the neoplastic langerhans cells.

Answer 48

Letterer-Siwe Disease

Question 49

Another name for osteoarthritis

Answer 49

DJD (Degenerative Joint Disease)

Question 50

Bony outgrowths that develop at the joint margins.

Answer 50

Osteophytes

Question 51

T/F: Osteoarthritis has an asymmetric presentation.

Answer 51

TRUE

Question 52

If a joint becomes immobile it is termed ___

Answer 52

Ankylosis