Genitourinary Flashcards
What was the MST in dogs recieving chemotherapy in combination with NSAID and solely NSAID for prostatic carcinoma?
What were the negative prognostic factors?
(Ravicini, VCO, 2018)
With chemo+NSAID ca. 3,5 M vs. ca. 2 M NSAID
Although a subgroup lived 7months to 2 years
Metastatic disease (although probably slow progression in the lungs and may not effect outcome) + intact animals had poorer survival
What were the acute and late toxicities in dogs treated with IMRT for prostatic carcinoma?
Which dogs did better?
(Walz, VCO, 2019)
Acute 1-2 grade diarrhea, late urethral and ureteral stricture, hindlimb oedema
MST was 1,5 years, however dogs without clinical symptoms (incidental finding) lived much longer than dogs with symptoms, 580 vs 220 days
event-free survival was shorter for dogs with metastatic disease (ln) than without 109 vs 399 days
EFS was longer with MTD chemo 241 vs 25 days
The interpretation of cytological samples is dependent on which factors?
How is the collection method affecting sensitivity and specifity?
Which had highest and lowest performances?
(McAloney, VCO, 2021)
It is dependent on the screening and review protocols from institutions.
The sensitivity and specificity of cytology varies depending on the collection methods
Best diagnostic catheterization !, worst cytology of urine sediment without catheterization
FNA moderate
What are the ultrasonographic features of prostatic lymphoma?
(Di Donato, VRU, 2019)
More hypoechoic lesions, altered shape, lack of mineralisation and multiorgan involvement
(more often high-grade and T cell)
In a recent case report where did prostatic adenocarcinoma metastasize?
(Di maria, Vet Pathol, 2020)
in the skin and subcutis (not FNA or postsurgical seeding)
What is p63?
Basal cell marker in the normal prostate, belongs to p53 familiy
(overexpression-upregulation of cellular adhesion, circulation tumor cell clusters and survival)
In a recent paper describing feline TCC with what therapy was the outcome better?
Which was the most common location in cat for TCC?
(Griffin, JAVMA, 2019)
Partial cystotomy and the administration of NSAID
(trigonal location had the most adverse effects, the recurrence rate was 61%)
Trigonal (but only less then 1/3)
What was the MST for cats without treatment and with or without partial cystectomy?
What was the metastatic rate?
(Griffin, JVIM, 2019)
MST for the whole group 5 months
1,5 months untreated
6 months without partial cystectomy
10 months with partial cystectomy
ureteral obstruction in 11%, urethral involvement in 11%, both 5% (consider stenting as an option)
What was the most common late toxicity in a recent paper involving RT for genitourinary tumors?
How did the EFS and MST compare with previous studies?
Which factors were associated with favourable prognosis?
(Clerc-Renaud, JVIM, 2021)
permanent urinary incontinence
It was simliar EFS 260, MST 510 days
mild clinical signs and lack of prostate involvement
According to a recent ultrasonographic study conscerning cats with bladder TCC which were to most common differences when comparing it to dogs?
(Hamlin, VRU, 2019)
Location: mid body
Less invasion into the urethra
A study involving whole body CT and TCC in dogs, which location had a poorer outcome and higher metastatic potential?
Which factors were significantly associated with survival?
(Iwasaki,VCO, 2019)
Urethral tumors had a poorer prognosis, 4 months vs. 14 months and a higher metastatic rate to bone and lungs
sternal lymphadenomegaly, bone metastatsis, TCC localization
What were the outcomes in a study with balloon dilatation for urethral obstruction caused by TCC?
In which dogs would it be more likely recommended?
(Kim, JAVMA, 2019)
9/12 had improvment of clinical sings
the recurrence of obstruction was noted 1,5-10 months after the procedure (some dogs had up to 3 interventions)
It would be mostly recommended in dogs with intraluminal obstruction
Is it possible to use flow cytometry and PARR on urine samples?
(Witschen, Vet Pathol, 2019)
Yes, a canine T cell lymphoma as recently described
appropriate amount of cells are needed (30-50 000/µl)
Is palladia useful in the treatment of canine TCC?
Gustafson, JAAHA, 2019
MST was 5 months, 6% PR and 80% SD
56% developed azotemia
probably should be considered as a rescue option
What is CCL2 and what it is its potential in dogs with urothelial tumors?
(Schimizu, VCO, 2018)
CCL2- is a chemotactic cytokine recruiting macrophages, releasing growth factors and promoting adhesion to endothelial cells, it is been implicated in tumorigenisis in people
CCL2 is not appropriate solely as a diagnostic marker, 95 %sensitivity, but low 38% specificity (in inflammatory disease also elevated)
In metastatic disease, significantly decreased, perhapse it should be used as a staging marker sens. 85%, spec. 57% –> further studies needed
