CNS Flashcards
With which IHC markers is possible to define gliomatosis cerebri?
What was the most common gross lesion?
Which type was the most common?
(Rissi, Vet Pathol, 2021)
Olig-2, GFAP, CNPase
diffuse parenchymal swelling
Type 1 -diffuse neoplastic infiltartion with no distinct tumor mass)
How is the efficacy of SRT for canine gliomas in comparison to standard fractionation?
What were the adverse effects?
(Moirano, VCO, 2020)
It is comparable.
The overall MST 632 days (21 months). Dogs treated with 1 fraction 8 months vs. 27 months for 3 fractions of 8-10 Gy.
Dogs recieving 1 fraction + chemo (lomustin, hydroxyurea) lived longer >22 months.
Adverse effects were low number of transient demyelination (early delayed effects, can occur up to 6 months post RT, similar symptoms like in the beginning, it improves with prednisone)
Which histologic features correlated with poorer prognosis in dogs with gliomas that had surgical excision of the tumor?
Which was significant in the biopsies? Why?
Which types of tumors had a better prognosis?
(Merickel, Vet pathol, 2021)
Necrosis, mitotic count, glomeruloid vasculorisation
on the biopsy samples it was only mitotic count –> samples maybe inadequate and small, maybe areas with necrosis and vasculoriastion were missed
Astrocytomas vs. oligodendrogliomas, undifined gliomas (however astrocytomas mostly low grade)+ low grade tumors
Which new IHC marker might be usefull for diagnosing canine meningiomas?
(Mandara, Vet Pathol, 2020)
EMA-epithelial membrane antigen
used only in humans; it stained positively in all meningiomas in study (100%), however high variability between area and intensity, correlation with subtype/grade possible
needs to befurther evaluated in other tumors for specificity
Which was the most common location for lymphoma in a case series describing CNS lymphomas involving the choroid plexus?
What were the MRI changes?
(Lampe, JSAP, 2021)
- ventricle
diffus enlargement and multifocal nodularity
In a recent report considering canine glioma microenvironment, which cells were identified?
(Krane, Vez Pathol, 2021)
Low and high grade gliomas sig. differed in FoxP3+, Mac387+ (M1 polarisation) and CD163+ (M2 polarisation)
In all tumors there was a sig. increase in tumor area fraction of CD163+ to Mac387+, and this was greater in high grade gliomas
Can gliomas be differentiated according to MRI findings?
Jose-Lopes, JVIM, 2021
partially
Oligodendrogliomas have more smooth margins, are hypointense on T1, and can have ventricular contact
If there is spread over more than 1 region, its more likely a high grade
Negative prognostic factors: rregular, poorly defined margins, T2 heterogenicity, drop metastasis
According to a recent study what clinical sign can be associated with favorable survival in canine gliomas?
(Jose-Lopes, JVIM, 2021)
Onset of seizures-probable earlier detection of tumor
In a recent study CyberKnife was used in the treatment of a variety of intracranial tumors in dogs. What was the PFI and MST?
Which dogs did better?
Which location was associated with shorter PFI?
(Carter, JVIM, 2021)
The PFI was 1 year (347 days) and the MST 2 years (738 days)
MST for extra-axial tumors (and meningiomas) was >2079, intraaxial ca. 1 year
Cerebellar tumors were associated with shorter PFI 97 days (vs. brainstem 266 days and cerebral 1 year)
What was the MST and 1 year survival of cats with intracranial tumors treated with RT?
In which cases would could it be recommended?
(Körner, JFSM, 2018)
The MST was 17 months, 1 year survival 56%
in 95% of the cases the neurological signs improved
it cats with neurological signs not amable for surgery (difficult location, comorbidities)
In dogs with CNS lymphomas what was the MST and where were most of tumors located?
(LaRue, JSAP, 2018)
MST was approx. 6 months
most of the tumors in the spinal cord
Any kind of treatment leads to improved survival, mostly with chemo
surgery shouldn`t be used alone
What can potentially contribute to the aggressive biologic behaviour of papillary meningiomas of dogs?
(Mandara, JVIM, 2017)
MMP-2/TIMP-2 imbalance
Can tumor volume determined by MRI for intracranial gliomas predict survival?
What was the MST of dogs undergoing surgery?
(McLellan, JAVMA, 2018)
No, there was no asscocation between tumor volume on MRI and outcome following surgery
Tumor grade was assciated with outcome
MST approx. 6 months
