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Urogenital Anatomy > Genital Embryology > Flashcards

Genital Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Gonads appear in……..as a pair of……located on……

A

Fifth week
Longitudinal ridges, medial sides of mesonephros between it & the dorsal mesentery

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2
Q

Coelomic epithelium penetrate underlying mesoderm forming…….

A

Primary sex cords

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3
Q

It is impossible to differentiate between female & male gonad before….

A

7th week

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4
Q

Primordial germ cells appear……& are found in genital ridges at…….

A

4th week
6th week

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5
Q

Primordial germ cells develop from…..

A

Endoderm of yolk sac close to allantois

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6
Q

Describe mech of migration of primordial germ cells

A

becomes incorporated into hindgut after folding, then by ameoboid movement along doreal mesentert of hindgut to reach the genital ridges in 6th week where they become incorporated into sex cords

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7
Q

The gene responsible for male gonad development is…..

A

Testis-determining factor

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8
Q

……..is chct diagnostic feature of testicular developmet

A

Dense tunica albuginea

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9
Q

Describe origin of seminiferous cords

A
  1. Primordial germ cells (endoderm) give spermatogonia
  2. Supporting cells derived from surface epithelium (mesodermal) give Sertoli cells
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10
Q

Interstitial cells of Leydig develop from…….that produce…….during……whose function is…….

A

Mesoderm located between the cords
Testisterone (under effect of hCG)
8th wk
Masculine differentiation of mesonephric ducts & external genitalia

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11
Q

In fetus, Sertoli cells produce……, whose function is……

A

Mullerian-inhibiting factor
Suppresses development of paramesonephric ducts

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12
Q

Testis develops opposite……

A

L1

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13
Q

List parts of urogenital mesentery in male

A
  1. Mesotestis
  2. Suspensory ligament of testis (degenerates)
  3. Gubernacukum passes obliquely through developing ant abdominal wall to reach genital swelling
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14
Q

Internal descent of testis is till…..in….., while external starts at….& reaches…..at…..

A

Deep inguinal ring, 3rd month
7thcmonth, scrotum, 8th month

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15
Q

GR:
1. Internal descent of testis
2. External descent of testis

A
  1. Relative elongation of the posterior abdominal wall in upward direction without corresponding lengthening in gubernaculum.
  2. A) Gonadotrophins & androgens
    B) Inc intra-abdominal pressure by growing viscera
    C) shortening of gubernaculum due to atrophy of fibrous elements & contraction of muscular elements
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16
Q

Processus vaginalis is….to gubernaculum, it pushed through layers of body wall forming…..

A

Ventral
Inguinal canal

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17
Q

Undescended testis is diagnosed if it doesn’t descend to scrotum within…..

A

3 months

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18
Q

List sites of undescended are….,…..,…….

A

Intra-abdominal
Inguinal canal
Superficial inguinal ring

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19
Q

GR: Occurrence of polycystic testis

A

The rete testis fails to communicate with the vasa efferentia & the seminiferous tubules become distended cycts. If bilateral there is azospermia & infectility however sperms are found in testicular biopsy.

20
Q

In ovarian development, primitive sex cords first form…..then form……

A

1ry or medullary cords
2ry or cortical cords

21
Q

Describe embryological origin of primordial follicle

A
  1. Endodermal germ cells give oogonia which by active mitosis give daughter oognoia, the 2M that remain enlarge & form 1ry oocytes
  2. Surrounding mesodermal cells give follicular cells
22
Q

Ovary reaches false pelvis in……, & true pelvis….

A

3rd month
After birth

23
Q

If processus vaginalis persists it forms…..

A

Canal of Nuck

24
Q

Ovarian hypoplasia is found in patients with……

A

44 autosomes & one X-ch (Turner’s)

25
Q

Describe origin of paramesonephric ducts

A

A longitudinal groove appears due to in rolling of the coelomic epithelium into the underlying mesoderm, on lateral aspects of each mesonephros. The edges of the groove approach each other & fuse to form paramesonephric duct.

26
Q

Cranial end of paramesonephric duct forms……

A

Uterine (Fallopian) tubes, Abdominal ostium & fibria develop around it

27
Q

Describe fate of caudal end of paramesonephric ducts

A

They fuse forming Y-shaped uterovaginal canal that grows caudally & its end projects into dorsal wall of urogenital sinus forming an elevation called sinus (Mullerian) tubercle

28
Q

MIF is secreted during…….., while testosterone is secretd during…..

A

6-7th wk
8th wk

29
Q

What is fate of paranesonephric ducts in male?

A

Degenerates except:
1. Its cranial end forms appendix testis
2. Its caudal end forms prostatic utricle
3. Mullerian tubercle forms seminal colliculus

30
Q

Caudal fused portions of paramesonephric duct form…..

A

Uterus & upoer 1/3 of vagina

31
Q

Myometrium is derived from…..

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

32
Q

At the site of mullerian tubercle, 2 solid evaginations called……form which fuse forming……, which completely canalizes at……

A

Sinovaginal bulbs, vaginal bulbs, 5th month

33
Q

A thin plate known as…..separates lumen of vagina from urogenital sinus

A

Hymen

34
Q

Mention theories of vaginal origin

A
  1. Vagina has double origin, upper one third from uterovaginal canal & rest from urogenital sinus (most recent
  2. Vagina is entirely derived from sino-vaginal bulbs
  3. Previously it was thought that paramesonephric ducts give uterus & whole vagina
35
Q

Name the following anomalies:
1. Uterus has indentation
2. 2 horns with common vagina
3. Atresia of one side as an appendage to another well-developed side
4. Aplasia of one mesonephric duct

A
  1. Uterus arcuatus
  2. Uterus bicornis
  3. Uterus bicornis unicollis
  4. Uterus unicornis
36
Q

Imperforate hymen leads to…..at puberty

A

Hematocolpos

37
Q

In the….week, the cloacal folds are formed, which cranially form…..
A 2nd pair of elevations appear lateral called…..

A

3rd
Genital tubercle
Genital (labio-scrotal) swellings

38
Q

In male genital tubercle forms….while in female it forms…..

A

Phallus (glans at distal end)
Clitoris

39
Q

At end of……., both urethral folds fuse from behind forwards. Thus 1ry urethral meatus opens on……

A

3rd month
Undersurface of penis opposite root of the glans

40
Q

During……., the definitive external urethral meatus opens at tip of glans

A

4th month

41
Q

Epispadius is usually associated with……

A

Ectopia vesica

42
Q

In female, urethral folds form……, labial swellings firm…., urogenital sinus opening at surface forms…..

A

Labia minora
Labia majora
Vaginal vestibule

43
Q

In male urethra, cranial buds form….while caudal buds form…..

A

Prostatic glands
Bublo-urethral glands

44
Q

In female urethra, cranial buds form….while caudal buds form…..

A

Urethral glands (of Littre)
Great vestibular glands of Bartholin

45
Q

Prostatic acini are….in origin, stroma is……

A

Endodermal
Mesodermal

Urogenital Anatomy (11 decks)

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