External Female Genitalia

Question 1

Mention orifices found in vestibule

Answer 1

1. Urethral orifice
2. Vaginal orifice
3. Orifices of ducts of the greater vestibular glands

Question 2

Mention vessels of Vulva

Answer 2

Superficial & deep external pudendal arteries from femoral a
Posterior labial branches of internal pudendal a
Veins correspond to arteries

Question 3

Mention nerves of vulva

Answer 3

1. Ilioinguinal (L1)
2. Genital branch of genitofemoral (L1)
3. Posterior labial branches of perineal nerve from pudendal n (S3)
4. Perineal branch of post cut n of the thigh (S3)

Question 4

LD of vulva is into……

Answer 4

Superficial inguinal LNs

Question 5

The breast is essentially……..

Answer 5

Modified sweat gland

Question 6

Describe extension of breast

Answer 6

2nd rib sup to 6th rib inf
Lateral margin of sternum medially to mid-axillary

Question 7

Describe deep relations of breast

Answer 7

1. Pectoral fascia
2. Pectoralis major (superomedial 2/3), serratus anterior & external oblique abdominal muscle (inferolateral 1/3)

Question 8

Why is breast freely moveable?

Answer 8

Because it is separated from pectoral fascia by retromammary space which is filled by loose areolar CT

Question 9

The nipple is found at level of……

Answer 9

4th intercostal space

Question 10

Describe blood supply of breast

Answer 10

1. Mammary branches of lateral thoracic artery
2. Perforating branches of internal thoracic artery (2nd, 3rd, 4th)
3. Mammary branches of thoracoacromal a
4. Lateral branches of posterior intercostal arteries

Question 11

Describe nerve supply of breast

Answer 11

Anterior & lateral cutaneous nerves of 2nd to 6th intercostal nerves

Question 12

Describe lymphatic drainage of breast anatomically

Answer 12

Superficial group:
1. Subcutaneous plexus: drains skin & subcutaneous tissue ex nipple & areola send efferents to axillary LNs
2. Subareolar plexus of Sappy: nipple, areola & parenchyma of breast to pectoral & apical axillary LNs
Deep group:
1. Interlobular plexus: intermediate connection between subareolar & retromammary plexuses
2. Retromammary plexus: lies on pectoral fascia over pectoralis fascia

Question 13

Describe LD of breast clinically

Answer 13

1. Lateral quadrant & center: into ant pectoral group
2. Medial quadrant drains into internal thoracic LNs
3. Inferomedial quadrant darins into subdiaphragmatic lymph plexus & lymphatics in linea alba & anterior wall of rectus sheath
4. Upper part drains into apical axillary LNs
5. Axillary tail drains into posterior group of axillary LNs
   Some lymphatics in medial part of breast mat pass to opposite breast