genio rts Flashcards
atrophic vaginitis - define
changes in the vagina due to estrogen levels changing , it is characterised by thinning, drying and inflammation of the vagina wall s
signs and symptoms
Dryness of the vagina is the most common symptom.
There may be burning or itching of the vagina or vulva.
Dyspareunia – painful intercourse
Vaginal discharge (usually white or yellow).
Vaginal bleeding or postcoital bleeding.
Urinary symptoms - eg, increased frequency, nocturia, dysuria, recurrent UTI, stress incontinence or urgency.
what can cause atrophic vaginitis
Antihistamines
Antibiotics
Decongestants
Antidepressants
management of atrophic vaginitis
- lubricants -KY jelly is a water-based, personal lubricant - used as a lubricant for sexual intercourse.
- moisturisers - ReplensMD
Contains a polycarbophil gel (a bio adhesive gel that delivers continuous moisture)
continues to deliver moisture for up to 3 days, helping to replenish moisture to dry vaginal cells by supplementing the body’s natural lubrication
red flags atrophic vaginitis
- bleeding after one year without periods,
- unusual discharge
- bleeding after sex or between periods
- sjogren syndrome
gina for atrophic vaginitis
POM to P
Gina is indicated for the treatment of vaginal atrophy (VA) due to oestrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women aged 50 and above who have not had a period for at least one year.
Gina is the only product available without a prescription that effectively
dysmenorrhoea defined
painful cramps
secondary dysmenorrhoea is after several years of painless periods , there is an underlying pelvic pathology
symptoms of dysmenorrhea
primary
-brain shortly before and after period
- nsyseac, dizziness, diarrhoea, fatguev, headache
secondary
- rectal pain and bleeding
- painful six
primary otc management for dysmenorrhoea
otc - ibuprofen
pom - naproxen and tranexamic acid
supplements
- thiamine
- magnesium
- vitamin ev
- fish oil
what are the red flags with dysmenorrhea
- if contraceptive is fitted and they still have heavy periods
- older patients conpsinging of painful periods for the first time
- pain worsened after each period
- abnormal discharge
- pain other than menstruation
lower urinary tract infections
A lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the bladder (also known as cystitis) usually caused by bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract.
Upper UTI is infection of the upper part of the urinary tract —the ureters and kidneys (pyelonephritis).
Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in the urine — the person may or may not be symptomatic.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of significant levels of bacteria in the urine in a person without signs or symptoms of UTI
complications of lower uti
The main complication of lower UTI is ascending infection which can lead to pyelonephritis, renal and peri-renal abscess, impaired renal function, renal failure, and urosepsis.
UTI in pregnancy is associated with pre-term delivery and low-birthweight
symptoms of utis
Dysuria — discomfort, pain, burning, tingling or stinging associated with urination.
Frequency — passing urine more often than usual.
Urgency — a strong desire to empty the bladder, which may lead to urinary incontinence.
Changes in urine appearance or consistency:
Urine may appear cloudy to the naked eye or change colour or odour.
Haematuria may present as red/brown discolouration of urine or as frank blood.
treatments for utis
CYSTITIS SATCHETS
- not recommend by nice
- available otc
PROBIOTICS
red flags of utis
- patient is shivering chills and muscle pain
- patient confused or drowsy
- patient is vomiting
- patient has blood in urine
- high temp or low
- not passed urine
- kidney pain in back under ribs
- symptoms are not improving after 48 hours
