complementary medicines Flashcards
what are some dietary supplements examples
GLUCOSAMINE - rheumatoid and oesteoathritis (less than 1178mg?day is classified as a supplement
Fish oils - cardiovascular risk prevention, arthritis and attention deficit disorder
valerian - insomnia, anxiety, restless leg syndrome
folate - preconception and pregnancy, cardiovascular protection, dementia and depressive disorders
aloe vera - skin care antibacterial, anti inflammatory, gastrointestinal dysfunction
probiotics - restoring flora balance in the gut
cranberry - prevention of utis
gingko - cognitive function and cancer
st john’s wort
- most common sue for mild depressions dn anxiety disorder
active ingredients include HYPERICIN, and various FLAVONOIDS and TANNINS
induces the action of some metabolic CYP enzymes particularly CYP3A4 and p glycoprotein
what are the pk interactions of st john’s wort
- anticoagulants - increased risk of clotting
- antiepiletics - increased risk of sec=zures
- calcium channel blockers - aggravated hypertension
- digoxin - cardiac arrhythmias and aggravated heart failure
- immunosuppressants - transplant rejections
- oral contraceptives - contraceptive failure
- theophyline - increased risk of asthma attacks , copd
what are the st john’s worth pd interactions
it has similar mechanisms to ssris
it has hyperforin mediated effects
- inhibits the reuptake of 5ht also da and na
- weak monoamine oxidase a and b activity
has an additive effect ; substational increase in the seratonin levels
interactions may result in seratonin sysndrome with sevre cases of hypothermia, seizures, arrhythmias and loss of consciousness
what is homeopathy
- founded in germany
holistic approach based on the principles of simliars Therapies are selected based on how closely symptoms produced by the medicine in a healthy person match the symptoms caused in disease state.
they are administrated in dilute and ultra diluted dosages of single medicines
what is aromatherapy
founded in egypt
theory - olfactory stimulation from volatile oils has healing properties at psycholigal and cellular levels
the use of essential oils
should not be combined with homeopathy
traditional oriental medicines
theory ios the balance of healthy yang or disturbance
5 principles
- yin, yang
- 5 elements
- 5 substances
- organs
- channels
they conduct a group of techniques to restore qui balance
acupuncture
•Theory: the punctures affect the channels along which qi travels around the body
•Practice: stimulation of sensory nerves under the skin and in the muscles to produce pain-relieving substances (e.g. endorphins).
•Application: inserting small needles in specific points in the body to stimulate nerve impulses and relieve/prevent pain (migraines/back pain/insomnia).
•Preclinical studies documented the beneficial effects BUT no full explanation on how acupuncture works within the framework of conventional medicine.
•Regulated in the UK by British Acupunctur
ayurveda
clue -
developed in india
equal emphasis on the body, spirit and mind with the aim of restoring the innate harmony of the patients
they used ayurvedic medicines, dietary changes, heavy metal meditations, massages, exposure to sunlight and exercise consulted breathing
biofeedback
•Philosophy: Feedback from a variety of monitoring procedures and equipment
•Practice: teach patient to control involuntary body responses e.g. brain activity, blood pressure, muscle tension and heart rate.
•Beneficial in treating certain medical conditions (asthma, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, incontinence, headaches, hypertension).
meditation
Background: Eastern religious/spiritual traditions.
•Practice: techniques and practices to enhance focus or control attention.
•Increasing interest among scientific community on understanding: mechanistics, which diseases are most affected, social trends, measurability of response.
body based practice - such as chiropractor
Body-based practices
•Methods/techniques based on manipulative interventions on the body (ONLY procedures. NO administration of medicines)
•Practice:
● ractice:
● Relationship between structure (spine) and function and investigate how that relationship affects preservation/restoration of health (e.g. chiropractic)
● Manipulation of soft tissues to normalise their function (e.g. massage therapy).
•Statutory professional regulation: osteopathy and chiropract
what are the challenges of cams
- placebo affect
- lack of safety and efficacy studies but the elexander technique in parkinson’s, ginger and acupuncture have been proven
- opportunistic cost
- time consumeing
ideal treatment is a combintation of alternative medicines
