Genetics & Inheritance Flashcards
What is a genome?
-the sum of an organisms DNA
What are genes?
-sections of DNA that code for proteins in the body
What is an allele?
- Different versions of the same gene
What are the base pairs?
- A and T
-G and C
What is the double helix structure?
(DNA)
-twisted ladder of sugar phosphate and nitrogenous bases
What are chromosomes?
-a DNA molecule that hold genetic material
-come in identical pairs
What is an Autosome?
-all chromosomes besides sex cells
- the 22 matched pairs of chromosomes
What are sex chromosomes?
X and Y
What is a gamete?
- a sex cell
Examples of sex cells?
-sperm
-egg cell
What is a genotype?
-The combination of genes that code for a trait
what is a phenotype?
- the expressed/shown traits of a genotype
What are Karyotypes?
- the full set of chromosomes
How are Karyotypes organised?
-from longest to shortest
What information can be obtained from a karyotype?
-chromosomal abnormalities like down-syndrome
-the sex of the organism
What is co-dominance?
-when a third phenotype is created
-usually stripped or spotty
What is incomplete dominance?
-The traits blend, creating a third phenotype
-pink flower
what is X linked dominant?
- affected daughter and father
What is X linked recessive?
-affected son from mother
What is Y linked?
-all male affected
Where are linked genes found?
-on the same chromosome
