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genetics > genetics chapter 7 > Flashcards

genetics chapter 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

adenine

A

1 NH3

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2
Q

guanine

A

2 H bonds, has an O double bond, 1 NH2

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3
Q

guanine formal name

A

deoxyguanosine 5”-monophosphate

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4
Q

thymine

A

1 bond H3C, 2 O double bond, 2H bonds

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5
Q

thymine formal name

A

deoxythymidine 5’-monophosphate

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6
Q

cytosine

A

1 NH3 bond, 2 H bonds, 1 O double bond

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7
Q

cytosine formal name

A

deoxycytidine 5’-monophospahte

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8
Q

pyrimadines

A

thymine and cytosine
-one single ring

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9
Q

purines

A

adenine and guanine
-two rings

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10
Q

what goes with A?

A

T

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11
Q

what goes with G?

A

C

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12
Q

coding strand and template strand

A

-coding strand is the exact same as the new strand thats being made (if its RNA that being made, then you switch the T for a U)
-template strand is made complementary

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13
Q

helicase, topoisomerase, primase, DNA polymerase 3, DNA Polymerase 1, then ligase

A

helicase, topoisomerase, primase, DNA polymerase 3, DNA Polymerase 1, then ligase

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14
Q

DNA Polymerase 1

A

removes and replaces DNA fragments in the LAGGING strand

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15
Q

DNA Polymerase 3

A

actually replicating the DNA

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16
Q

what is attached to the 3’ carbon

A

OH

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17
Q

what is attached to the 2’ in deoxyribose?

A

H

18
Q

what is attached to the 2’ in ribose?

A

OH

19
Q

what is attached to the 1’ ?

A

carbon

20
Q

what is attached to the 5’?

A

1-3 phosphate groups

21
Q

deoxynucleotide triphosphates

A

dTNPs,
- not part of polynucleotide chain
-act as substrates for DNA synthesis

22
Q

deoxynucleotide MONOphosphates

A

-a part of polynucleotide chain
-have single phosphates called dNMPs (N refers to one of the 4 bases)

23
Q

What is DNA polymerase (DNA pol)

A

by this, individual nucleotides are put into chains

24
Q

what direction are chains built in?

A

5’ – 3’

25
Q

what do we add groups onto?

A

the 3’ OH

26
Q

What does DNA Polymerase do?

A

it catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between 3’ hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and 5’ phosphate group of next nucleotide

27
Q

each polynucleotide chain has a _______________________

A

sugar phosphate backbone

28
Q

what is the bases of nucleotide pairing?

A
  1. the bases of one strand are complementary to the bases in a corresponding strand
  2. The two strands are antiparallel, with respect to their 5’ and 3’ ends
    - brings the partial charges into alignment
    - charges would repel each other if the strands ran parallel
29
Q

major and minor grooves

A

regions where DNA building proteins can make direct contact with nucleotides

30
Q

what are the alternate forms of DNA?

A

B-form, A-from. Z-form

31
Q

B-form

A

-most common form
-10.5 bases per turn
- bases perpendicular to long axis

32
Q

A-form

A

-more compact
-11 bases per turn
-bases are not perpendicular
-found under dehydrating conditions

33
Q

Z-form

A

-left-handed helix
-12 base pairs per turn
- zig-zag appearance
-physiology experience is unknown, but it is observed in certain sequences near the beginning of gene transcription

34
Q

bacteria have how many origins of replication

A

one since it is circular

35
Q

eukaryotic has how many origins of replication

A

multiple since it is linear

36
Q

how many origins are in the human genome?

A

more than 10,000

37
Q

what is replication best studies in?

A

bacteria

38
Q

replisome

A

large complex of proteins at the origin of replication

39
Q

what does the replisome do?

A

assembles at each replication fork on the DNA during synthesis

40
Q

replication origins have ______ the attract _______ enzymes.

A

sequences; replication

41
Q

consensus sequence

A

most common sequence/average

42
Q

topoisomerase

A

unravels coil and then hooks back on

genetics (23 decks)

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