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exam 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What molecule provides the energy for translation initiation?
a. The tRNA’s provide the energy intrinsically
b. GTP
C. АТР
d. Fructose
e. ddAPT

A

b. GTP

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2
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?
a. It helps tRNA synthesize proteins.
b. It attaches a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule.
c. It cooperates with ribosomes to prevent RF’s binding to the P-site
d. It provides the energy required to attach a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule.
e. It synthesizes tRNA molecules.

A

b. It attaches a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule.

d. It provides the energy required to attach a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule.

??

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3
Q

During bacterial translation elongation, the charged RNA pairs with the codon, and GTP hydrolysis occurs. What is released from the translation complex immediately following GTP hydrolysis?
a. RF
b. EF-Tu-GDP
c. Uncharged tRNA
d. IF
e. fMet amino acid

A

b. EF-Tu-GDP

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4
Q

Which segment of a eukaryotic protein is often removed as part of transmembrane passage or vesicle transport?
a. Introns
b. Leader regions
c. 5’-UTR
d. SRP
e. 3’ Poly-A-tail

A

b. Leader regions

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5
Q

A _________________ is an enzyme that removes phosphate groups from an amino acid in a protein.
a. Synthase
b. Kinase
c. Lipase
d. Phosphatase
e. Methylase

A

d. Phosphatase

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6
Q

Imagine you are a geneticist 60 years ago attempting to decipher the genetic code. You create a synthetic mRNA composed of repeating TA dinucleotides. Based on what we now know, if this mRNA was translated, what amino acids would you expect?
a. Glu and Arg
b. Ile and stop
c. Glue and Try
d. Try and Ile
e. None of these are correct

A

d. Try and Ile

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7
Q

Examine the image of the DNA gel shown. Which lane contains a fragment of approximately 300bp?

A

a. C

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8
Q

what is the probability that individual III-2 is a carrier?
SEE NUMBER 8

A

d. 2/3

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9
Q

Suppose you have one plant with the genotype TPpYy, and another plant that is recessive for all three traits. If you were to cross these two plants, what proportion of the offspring are expected to be dominant for all three traits?
a. 1/4
b. 1/8
c. 1/16
d. 3/16
e. This is not possible

A

a. 1/4

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10
Q

An organism having the genotype AabbCcDDee is self-fertilized. Assuming the five genes assort independently, what fraction of the progeny are expected to have a phenotype identical to that of the parents?
a. 1/16
b. 3/8
c. 8/27
d. 3/36
e. 9/16

A

e. 9/16

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11
Q

Which of the following codons are synonymous?
a. CGC and AGG
b. Bear and Bare
c. UUU and AAA
d. UUA and AGG
e. AUG and UAA

A

a. CGC and AGG

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12
Q

A patient with monosomy is most easily diagnosed using what? technique?
a. Carrier testing
b. PCR
c. Maternal Serum Screening
d. Pedigree analysis
e. A karyotype

A

e. A karyotype

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13
Q

Presymptomatic genetic testing is a technique that could be used to identify which of the following examples?
a. Mitochondria disorders
b. COVID-19 C.
c. Down’s syndrome
d. Huntington’s disease
e. Tay-Sachs disease

A

d. Huntington’s disease

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14
Q

Suppose this DNA non-template strand sequence below produces a polypeptide.
5’-AUGGGGGAAAACGAGACAAUCUGUAGCUGA-3’

What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide produced from this sequence?
Express your answer as a sequence of ONE-letter amino acid abbreviations separated by dashes (example: Y-E-S-I-C-A-N…). label the N- and C-terminus. (6 points)

A

N term- M-G-E-N-E-T-I-C-S-C term

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15
Q

A couple comes to you for advice about genetic testing for a rare early-onset dominant condition. The paternal grandfather had the condition, but no one else in the family has had it including the male partner in this couple. What is the probability that they will have an affected child? (2 points)

A

0%

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16
Q

In Drosophila, straight wings are dominant to curved wings (c), smooth eyes are dominant to sparkling eyes (spa), and tan body is dominant to ebony body color (e).
If flies that are heterozygous for all three traits are crossed, what proportion of the offspring would you expect to have straight wings, sparkling eyes, and tan bodies? (4 points)

A

9/64

17
Q

True-breeding Spiders (P generation) are Long-legged with black eyes (LLBB) and short-legged with
red eyes (llbb)
A. What genotype(s) and phenotype(s) will be expected in the F1? (4 points)

B. If individuals from the F1 generation are crossed, what phenotypic classes), and ratio (or fractions) is expected in the F2? (8 points)

A

a. LlBb x LlBb
dom:dom
dom:dom

b. a dihybrid cross of them

18
Q

Travis and Taylor are unrelated individuals whose parents are normal. They marry, and their first child has Tay-Sachs disease (a rare autosomal recessive condition). Travis’s brother, Jason marries Taylor’s sister Andrea. From checking family records it is discovered that Travis’ dad was a carrier and mom was homozygous normal. It is also discovered that Taylor had another sister who died at age 2 from Tay-Sachs complications

A. Draw a pedigree representing this data, write in genotypes of Travis and Taylor, Jason, Andrea, the deceased sister, and all four parents using T and t allele symbols. (6 points)

b. State all possible genotypes (with fractional probabilities) for both Jason and Andrea.

c. What is the probability that Jason and Andreas’s first child will be a daughter with the Tay-Sachs? (4 points)

A

see number 18

b. Jason 1/2 AA, 1/2 Aa
Andrea 1/3 AA, 2/3 Aa

c. 1/24

19
Q

look at number 19 on test

A

!

20
Q

Which of the following sequences and/or structures are NOT part of a mature eukaryotic mRNA. Circle your answers (4 points)

Poly-A Tail
Start Codon
Stop Codon
5’-UTR
AAUAAA
Promoter
Shine-Delgarno sequence
Terminator sequence
3’-UTR
5’ Cap
Intron(s)
Kozak sequence

A

promoter
shine-delgarno sequence
terminator sequence
intron (s)

21
Q

Imagine you have a short protein made up of only 2 amino acids with the sequence PS. What is the minimum number of tRNA’s necessary to bind to all the possible codons that might be present in the short mRNA for this protein. (ignore the need for start and stop codons). (2 points)

A

5
2 for Pro, 3 for Ser

genetics (37 decks)

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