Genetics and Physiology

Question 1

Bursae

Answer 1

• fluid-filled sac-like structures that reduce friction in areas where skin, muscle, tendons, and ligaments may rub over bone.
• Bursae are not located within the joints between bones. They are located just outside of the bone-to-bone connection in joints.
• See image https://www.physio-pedia.com/Synovial_Joints

Question 2

Synovial Membrane

Answer 2

• Membrane that lines the synovial cavity and secretes synovial fluid which reduces friction between bones in a joint
• The synovial cavity lies between bones in a joint.

Question 3

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 3

• Articulating cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of the bone

Question 4

Five major brain structures

Answer 4

• cerebrum - voluntary actions and thought
• thalamus - main area for sensory processing
• hypothalamus - regulates hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, body temperature
• cerebellum - balance, posture, voluntary movements
• brainstem - integrates all incoming information, regulates involuntary movement e.g. breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, coughing

Question 5

Limbic system

Answer 5

• a group of interconnected brain structures that help regulate your emotions and behavior.

Question 6

The four brain structures that make up the limbic system and their function

Answer 6

• Hypothalamus - produces hormones and regulates various parts of your body e.g. body temperature, fatigue, sexual arousal
• Thalamus - processes sensory information
• Amygdala - plays a role in how you experience emotions like feelings like fear, anxiety, anger and how you experience social interactions
• Hippocampus - ability to form new memories