Genetics Flashcards
Dominant allele
Only 1 Allele is needed for it to be expressed
Recessive allele
Both alleles are needed to be expressed in the phenotype
Genotype
What 2 alleles are present
Phenotype
How the alleles are expressed
Heterozygous
Both alleles are different
Homozygous
Both alleles are the same
Allele
A version of a gene
What does a female chromosome look like
X X
What does a male chromosomes look like
X Y
What do ribosomes do
Ribosomes read the template code and tells the carrier molecules in cytoplasm to send the right amino acids to the template
What happens when carrier molecules get the amino acids
The different amino acids link together to make a chain of amino acids
What what happens when a protein chain is finished
It fold into a unique shape
Eg. Enzymes give active sites
What’s a mutation
Change in the sequence of nucleotides on the dna
How often do mutations happen
They happen all the time and are completely random
Do mutations alter the protein
Many mutations don’t alter the protein but some might change the shape therefore the function
What’s a gene
A genes are found on a chromosome and they code for protein
What are the bases
A , T , C , G
In which part of an animal cells is DNA found
Nucleus
How many bases are needed to code for 1 amino acid
3
What 3 things are a nucleotide made up of
- a base
- sugar
- phosphate
What shape is DNA
double helix
What is a nucleotide
A monomer made up of a deoxyribose Sugar, base and phosphate
What does non-coding DNA do
Control weather a gene is expressed or not
What is DNA and what’s its structure
Its a polymer and double stranded helix
