Genetics Flashcards
Allele
A pair of genes which are located at the same place on homologous chromosomes (the matched pair). Often applied to traits associated with the genes.
Phenotype
The physical appearance of the animals because of its genetic makeup
Genotype
Genetic constitution (makeup) of an individual
Gene
A specific region of a chromosome which is capable of determining the development of a specific trait that is composed partially or wholly of DNA
Dominant
Refers to genes which hide or mask the presence of other genes
Recessive
Gene who’s phenotypic expression is mask when in the presence of a dominant allele
Heterozygous
An animal that carries a gene with two different alleles
Homozygous
An animal that carries a gene with two identical alleles
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What is a microsatellite?
A short DNA sequence that is repeated many times within the animal or organism
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
Nucleotide
A phosphate molecule + a sugar molecule + a base
Gene locus
the place along the chromosome at which the gene is located
Sex-linked gene
a gene situated on a sex chromostome
Sex-limited gene
Genes that control characteristics that are only expressed in one sex
Lethal genes
A gene or combination of genes that is not compatible with life
Diploid
cells containing the normal number of chromosomes
Haploid
Cells containing half the normal number of chromosomes
How many chromosomes does a diploid cell of a cat have?
38
How many chromosomes does a diploid cell of a dog have?
78
How many chromosomes does a diploid cell of a horse have?
64
What is the name of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes?
autosomes
Epistasis
Genes that can interact with other genes that are not their allele they suppress the effect of genes at a different locus
