Genetics Flashcards
1
Q
Define a gene.
A
A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific trait
2
Q
What is a gene locus?
A
The position of the gene on a particular chromosome
3
Q
Define alleles.
A
Alternative versions of genes (differ only by a few bases)
4
Q
Types of mutations?
A
- Substitution/Point
- Insertion
- Deletion
5
Q
Effects of mutations
A
- Beneficial (Missense)
- Detrimental (Nonsense)
- Neutral (Silent)
6
Q
Cause of sickle cell anemia?
A
- GAG to GTG on sense strand
- Valine to glutamic acid
7
Q
Consequences of sickle cell anaemia?
A
- Structure of haemoglobin altered, makes it insoluble
- Oxygen not carried as effectively
- Sickle shaped RBCs cause clots and are destroyed faster
8
Q
Genome definition
A
All the genetic information of an organism
9
Q
Outcomes of the Human Genome Project?
A
- Mapping
- Screening
- Medicine
- Ancestry
