Respiration Flashcards
What are the stages of respiration?
1) Glycolysis
1. 5) Link reaction
2) Krebs cycle
3) Electron transport chain
What are the 3 stages of glycolysis (+ explanation)?
1) Phosphorylation (2 phosphates added to glucose)
2) Lysis (6C –> 2 3C)
3) Oxidation (triose phosphate –> pyruvate + 4 ATP)
What is used and produced in glycolysis?
Used - 2 ATP, 2 NAD+
Given - 4 ATP, 2 NADH + 2 H+
What is chemiosmosis (in respiration)?
Movement of H+ ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane down a concentration gradient
What happens during the Link Reaction?
Pyruvate molecules are decarboxylated and converted to acetyl, which combines with Coenzyme A, forming Acetyl CoA
What is used and formed during the link reaction?
Used: Pyruvate, NAD, CoA
Formed: Acetyl CoA, NADH + H+, Carbon dioxide
Everything x2 because 2 pyruvate
Which molecule is present at the beginning and end of Krebs
Oxaloacetate
What is the last phase of the citric acid cycle
Regeneration (of oxaloacetate)
Reactants and products?
Used: Acetyl CoA, 3 NAD, 1 ADP, FAD
Made: ATP, 3 NADH, FADH2, 2 CO2
Everything x2
Electron transport chain also called?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
How much ATP does each stage of respiration produce?
Glycolysis: 2
Krebs: 2
ETC: 34
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
Oxygen (which then makes water)
Where does each stage of respiration occur?
Glycolysis: Cytoplasm
Link Reaction: Matrix
Krebs: Matrix
ETC: Cristae
Summarize oxidative phosphorylation
e- goes through a chain of membrane proteins, releasing energy which allows the carrier proteins to use active transport to move H+ ions out the membrane into a region of higher conc. The H+ ions want to diffuse back in, so they go through the ATP synthase. The e- ends in oxygen, forming water.
What are the 2 ways anaerobic respiration can occur (and in which organisms)?
1) Lactate Pathway (animals)
2) Ethanol Pathway (yeast)
