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Unit 4 > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Define genetics

A

the branch of science which studies the way characteristics are passed from one generation to the next

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2
Q

What are hereditary characteristics?

A

characteristics that are inherited from the parents or grandparents

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3
Q

What are genes?

A

the basic unit of inheritance

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4
Q

What are the 4 chemicals DNA is made up of?

A

Adenosine
cytosine
guanine
thymine

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5
Q

What is the position of the gene on the chromosome known as?

A

gene locus

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6
Q

How many chromosomes does a cat have?

A

38 or 19 pairs

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7
Q

How many chromosomes does a dog have?

A

78 or 39 pairs

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8
Q

How many chromosomes does a horse have?

A

64 or 32 pairs

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9
Q

What are non-sex chromosomes called?

A

autosomes

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10
Q

What is a homologous pair of chromosomes?

A

The same chromosome, one from the mother and other from the father

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11
Q

Define alleles

A

two or more genes that occupy the same locus on the chromosome

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12
Q

Define phenotype

A

the outward appearance of the animal which is determined by a combination of the animals genetic make-up and the environment

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13
Q

Define genotype

A

The genetic make-up of the animal

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14
Q

What is Mendals 1st law?

A

alleles separate to different gametes during meiosis

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15
Q

What is Mendals 2nd law?

A

alleles of different genes separate at random

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16
Q

What is inbreeding?

A

breeding from two closely related individuals

17
Q

What is line breeding?

A

breeding of animals in the same family who are separated by three or four generations - enables breeders to weed out hereditary faults

18
Q

What is out breeding?

A

the mating of unrelated or distantly related animals of the same species. Encourages new characteristics into the line. Reduces the risk of hereditary disease but very unpredictable as the geno and phenotype would differ a lot

19
Q

define congenital disease

A

one that is present at birth but may or may not be genetic

20
Q

define hereditary disease

A

one which is caused by genes inherited from the parents

Unit 4 (12 decks)

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