Genetics!

Question 1

Who was Gregor Mendel?

Answer 1

“Father of Genetics” spent 7 years studying the inheritance of 7 traits in garden pea plants

Question 2

trait

Answer 2

a physical characteristic (ex: blue eyes or brown eyes)

Question 3

genes

Answer 3

found on chromosomes code for a particular trait ex: gene for eye color

Question 4

alelle

Answer 4

different form of a gene (ex: brown allele, blue allele) we inherit 1 allele from each parent, we have 2 alleles for each trait (ex: brown from mom and blue from dad)

Question 5

dominant trait (B)

Answer 5

indicated by an upper case letter (B= brown eyes, the trait that is expressed)

Question 6

recessive trait (b)

Answer 6

indicated by a lower case letter (b= blue eyes, the trait that is hidden)

Question 7

homozygous

Answer 7

2 of the same alleles for the same trait (BB/bb, recessive pure/dominant pure, homozygous dominant/recessive

Question 8

phenotype

Answer 8

the PHYSICAL description of a trait (tall short, blue-eyed)

Question 9

genotype

Answer 9

the combination of genes which determines a trait, in some cases a particular phenotype may have o=more than one genotype (BB or BB)

Question 10

Punnett square

Answer 10

a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment

Question 11

polygenic inheritance

Answer 11

many genes affect a particular trait (ex: eye/skin color, height)

Question 12

incomplete dominance

Answer 12

heterozygous genotypes have intermediate phenotypes (Ex: white flowers x red flowers= red- RR, pink Rr, or white rr)

Question 13

codominant

Answer 13

type of inheritance where 2 forms of a trait are shown at the same time, recessive and dominant are both shown, means both alleles are expressed (ex: human blood type, or red x white flowers give spotted flowers)

Question 14

dihybrid crosses

Answer 14

crosses that involve 2 different traits

Question 15

multiple alleles

Answer 15

certain genes have 3 or more alleles, however, still only 2 alleles can be present (blood type is determined by multiple alleles)

Question 16

Blood type

Answer 16

blood group genes, 1 gene, 3 alleles (A, B, O,) and 4 blood types (A, B, O, AB) A, B, are codominant and both are dominant to O each blood cell has specific ANTIGENS on its surface, and the immune system makes antibodies against other blood types if an antigen isn’t present. (EX: type A blood have A antigens on their surface and make ANTIBODIES that attack B blood cells, visa versa for Type B blood)