All about PLANTS Flashcards
What is a plant?
Eukaryotic, multicellular
cell walls of CELLULOSE, autotrophic because they produce food through photosynthesis
evolved from green algae
What 4 things do plants need to survive?
sunlight, water, air and minerals
Nonvascular plants (Bryophytes)
NO VASCULAR TISSUE (specialized transport tissue for water and minerals)
NO roots, stems or leaves
reproduce by spores
must be covered in film of water to reproduce
Ex: moss, liverworts, hornworts
Vascular plants (Tracheophytes)
VASCULAR TISSUE (xylem and phloem which are used to transport water in plants) 3 main groups- seedless, seeded w/o flowers, seeded w/ flowers
Seedless vascular plants
Ferns: 1st group with roots, stems and leaves
horizontal stems
leaves are called fronds which contain the sports
reproduction REQUIRES water
what are the horizontal stems in seedless vascular plants called?
rhizomes
Vascular seed plants WITHOUT flowers are also called… (name & give characteristics)
Gymnosperms.
Seeds develop in a cone (usually), vascular tissue, leaves are needle like, does NOT require water, male spores (sperm) carried by wind to female spores.
Ex: conifers, cycads, ginkgoes
Vascular seed plants WITH flowers are also called… (name & give characteristics)
Angiosperms.
Flowering plants; most are deciduous. Either monocots or dicots based on the number of seed leaves (cotyledons they contain)
Ex: rose, oak, grass, maple etc.
Which groups of plants have no true roots, stems or leaves?
Bryophytes and seedless vascular plants
Which groups of plants do not need water to reproduce?
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (vascular seed plants with and without flowers)
Which group of plant has rhizoids, a rootlike structure?
Seedless vascular plants
Which group of plants are pioneer organisms?
Bryophytes
How do plants reproduce?
Part of their life is haploid, part is diploid.
Switch from asexual to sexual reproduction. Male and female gametophytes (gametes) fertilize which results in the formation of a seed (zygote). The seed contains the plant embryo, food for it and a protective coat.
What is the structure of a seed? (Different parts)
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